NUR 280 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH ACCURATE
RATIONALES(PASSED).
1. Alarm stage - correct answer - Activates SNS
-stressor triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA)
-activates sympathetic nervous system
-arousal of body defenses
2. Resistance/adaption stage - correct answer - Trip to adapt to
that alarm stage
-begins with the actions of the adrenal hormones
-mobilization contributes to fight or flight
3. Exhaustion stage (allostatic overload) - correct answer - If
body is unable to resist against alarm stage
-occurs only if stress continues and adaption is not successful
-leads to stress-related disorders
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - correct answer -
The most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection.
Syndrome cause by a viral disease
-HIV
-depletes the body's Th cells
-incidence
,Epidemiology
-blood-borne pathogen
High risk activities include unprotected sex, anal sex and IV drug
use
-heterosexual activity is most common route worldwide
-increasing faster in women than men especially in adolescents
Acute and chronic cholecystitis - correct answer - Diffuse
inflammation of the gallbladder - usually associated with the
presence of gallstones
Manifestations:
Acute onset of RUQ epigastric pain, fever, anorexia, N/V- usually
subsides 7-10 days
adaptive immunity - correct answer - the ability to recognize
and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
E.i. A person who has recovered from measles is protected for life
against measles
adhesions - correct answer - tissues grown together that are
normally separate
Afterload - correct answer - The force or resistance against
which the heart pumps.
Agnosia - correct answer - the inability to recognize familiar
objects.
,Alterations in arousal —coma - correct answer - Produced by
either—
Bilateral hemisphere damage or suppression
Brain stem lesions or metabolic derangement
Manifestation—
Level of consciousness changes
Pattern of breathing
Pupillary changes
Oculomotor responses- dolls eyes
Motor responses
Vomiting, yawning, hiccups
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - correct answer -
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and
brainstem
Classic ALS - Lou Gehrig disease
-diffusely affects upper and lower motor neurons of the cerebral
cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord without inflammation
-disease leads to progressive weakness leading to respiratory
failure and death
-patient has normal intellectual sensory function until death
Anemia - correct answer - a deficiency of red blood cells
aphasia - correct answer - inability to speak
, Autoimmunity - correct answer - reaction of immune response
to one's own tissues
-doesn't know difference from self and non-self
-body fights against itself
Breakdown of tolerance
-body recognizes self-antigens as foreign
-self-antigens not normally seen by the immune system
Example: lupus
basilar skull fracture - correct answer - fracture at the base of
the skull
-raccoon eyes
-bruise on mastoid bone (behind ear) AKA battles sign
-bleeding and cerebrospinal fluid from ears and nose related to
tear in meninges
*at risk for meningitis
Benign - correct answer - Non-cancerous
-grow slowly
-well-defined capsule
-not invasive
-well-differentiated
-do not metastasize
ANSWERS WITH ACCURATE
RATIONALES(PASSED).
1. Alarm stage - correct answer - Activates SNS
-stressor triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA)
-activates sympathetic nervous system
-arousal of body defenses
2. Resistance/adaption stage - correct answer - Trip to adapt to
that alarm stage
-begins with the actions of the adrenal hormones
-mobilization contributes to fight or flight
3. Exhaustion stage (allostatic overload) - correct answer - If
body is unable to resist against alarm stage
-occurs only if stress continues and adaption is not successful
-leads to stress-related disorders
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - correct answer -
The most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection.
Syndrome cause by a viral disease
-HIV
-depletes the body's Th cells
-incidence
,Epidemiology
-blood-borne pathogen
High risk activities include unprotected sex, anal sex and IV drug
use
-heterosexual activity is most common route worldwide
-increasing faster in women than men especially in adolescents
Acute and chronic cholecystitis - correct answer - Diffuse
inflammation of the gallbladder - usually associated with the
presence of gallstones
Manifestations:
Acute onset of RUQ epigastric pain, fever, anorexia, N/V- usually
subsides 7-10 days
adaptive immunity - correct answer - the ability to recognize
and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
E.i. A person who has recovered from measles is protected for life
against measles
adhesions - correct answer - tissues grown together that are
normally separate
Afterload - correct answer - The force or resistance against
which the heart pumps.
Agnosia - correct answer - the inability to recognize familiar
objects.
,Alterations in arousal —coma - correct answer - Produced by
either—
Bilateral hemisphere damage or suppression
Brain stem lesions or metabolic derangement
Manifestation—
Level of consciousness changes
Pattern of breathing
Pupillary changes
Oculomotor responses- dolls eyes
Motor responses
Vomiting, yawning, hiccups
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - correct answer -
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and
brainstem
Classic ALS - Lou Gehrig disease
-diffusely affects upper and lower motor neurons of the cerebral
cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord without inflammation
-disease leads to progressive weakness leading to respiratory
failure and death
-patient has normal intellectual sensory function until death
Anemia - correct answer - a deficiency of red blood cells
aphasia - correct answer - inability to speak
, Autoimmunity - correct answer - reaction of immune response
to one's own tissues
-doesn't know difference from self and non-self
-body fights against itself
Breakdown of tolerance
-body recognizes self-antigens as foreign
-self-antigens not normally seen by the immune system
Example: lupus
basilar skull fracture - correct answer - fracture at the base of
the skull
-raccoon eyes
-bruise on mastoid bone (behind ear) AKA battles sign
-bleeding and cerebrospinal fluid from ears and nose related to
tear in meninges
*at risk for meningitis
Benign - correct answer - Non-cancerous
-grow slowly
-well-defined capsule
-not invasive
-well-differentiated
-do not metastasize
