NR 442 Wk1
Chapter 1
What is community health nursing video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdTvSHAcQ1s
Chapter 1 Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast definitions of health from a public health nursing perspective.
2. Define and discuss the focus of public health.
3. Discuss determinates of health and indicators of health and illness from a population
perspective.
4. List the three levels of prevention and give examples of each.
5. Explain the difference between public/community health nursing practice and community-based
nursing practice.
6. Describe the purpose of Healthy People 2020 and give examples of the topic areas that
encompass the national health objectives.
7. Discuss public/community health nursing practice in terms of public health’s core functions and
essential services.
8. Discuss public/community health nursing interventions as explained by the Intervention Wheel.
OUTLINE:
I. What is Community/ Public Health Nursing: the synthesis of nursing practice and
public health practice.
a. Goals: to preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations by focusing
on health promotion and health maintenance of individuals.
b. Public Health: the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting
health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen.
II. Health Care Reform: governmental policy that affects health care delivery in a given
place; community/public health nurses are in a position to assist the U.S. health care
system to transition from being disease-oriented to a health-oriented system.
III. Definitions and Focus of Public Health and Community
Health a. Expanding the focus:
b. Communities as a whole:
c. Core Public Health Functions: Assessment, Policy Development, and
Assurance d. Essential Public Health Services:
Monitor health status to identify and solve community health
problems.
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the
community.
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
Mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and solve
health problems.
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community
health efforts.
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the
provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
, Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and
population-based health services.
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems.
IV. Preventive Approach to Health
a. Health Promotion and Levels of Prevention: health promotion is activities that enhance
resources directed at improving well-being.
Levels of Prevention:
Primary- activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Consists of 2 elements-
general health promotion and specific protection. Ex: promotion of good nutrition,
provision of adequate shelter, and encouraging regular exercise.
Secondary- early detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease
pathogenesis. Implemented after a problem has begun, but before signs and symptoms
appear, and targets those populations that have risk factors. Ex: mammography, pap
smear tests. Tertiary-
targets populations that have experienced disease or injury and focuses on limitation of
disability and rehabilitation. Aims to keep health problems from getting worse, to reduce
the effects of disease and injury, and to restore individuals to their optimal level of
functioning. Ex: teaching how to perform insulin injections and disease management to
a client with diabetes, referral of a client with spinal cord injury for occupational and
physical therapy and leading a support group for grieving parents.
b. Thinking Upstream: used to focus on interventions that promote health or prevent
illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual
becomes ill.
c. Prevention versus Cure: spending additional dollars for cure in the form of health care
services does little to improve the health of a population; whereas spending money on
prevention does a great deal to improve health.
d. Healthy People 2020: purpose is to provide direction for individuals wanting to change
personal behaviors and to improve health in communities through health promotion
policies.
V. Comparing Public Health Nursing, Community Health Nursing, and Community-Based
Nursing
a. Public Health Nursing: the practice of promoting and protecting the health of
populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences; is
population-focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and
disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be
healthy.
b. Community Health Nursing: the synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice
applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations.
c. Community-Based Nursing: application of the nursing process in caring for individuals,
families, and groups where they live, work, or go to school or as they move through the
health care system. Emphasis on acute and chronic care.
d. Community and Public Health Nursing Practice: Nurses practice disease prevention and
health promotion; is collaborative and is based in research and theory; applies the
nursing process to the care of individuals, families, aggregates, and the community.
Chapter 1
What is community health nursing video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdTvSHAcQ1s
Chapter 1 Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast definitions of health from a public health nursing perspective.
2. Define and discuss the focus of public health.
3. Discuss determinates of health and indicators of health and illness from a population
perspective.
4. List the three levels of prevention and give examples of each.
5. Explain the difference between public/community health nursing practice and community-based
nursing practice.
6. Describe the purpose of Healthy People 2020 and give examples of the topic areas that
encompass the national health objectives.
7. Discuss public/community health nursing practice in terms of public health’s core functions and
essential services.
8. Discuss public/community health nursing interventions as explained by the Intervention Wheel.
OUTLINE:
I. What is Community/ Public Health Nursing: the synthesis of nursing practice and
public health practice.
a. Goals: to preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations by focusing
on health promotion and health maintenance of individuals.
b. Public Health: the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting
health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen.
II. Health Care Reform: governmental policy that affects health care delivery in a given
place; community/public health nurses are in a position to assist the U.S. health care
system to transition from being disease-oriented to a health-oriented system.
III. Definitions and Focus of Public Health and Community
Health a. Expanding the focus:
b. Communities as a whole:
c. Core Public Health Functions: Assessment, Policy Development, and
Assurance d. Essential Public Health Services:
Monitor health status to identify and solve community health
problems.
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the
community.
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
Mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and solve
health problems.
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community
health efforts.
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the
provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
, Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and
population-based health services.
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems.
IV. Preventive Approach to Health
a. Health Promotion and Levels of Prevention: health promotion is activities that enhance
resources directed at improving well-being.
Levels of Prevention:
Primary- activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Consists of 2 elements-
general health promotion and specific protection. Ex: promotion of good nutrition,
provision of adequate shelter, and encouraging regular exercise.
Secondary- early detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease
pathogenesis. Implemented after a problem has begun, but before signs and symptoms
appear, and targets those populations that have risk factors. Ex: mammography, pap
smear tests. Tertiary-
targets populations that have experienced disease or injury and focuses on limitation of
disability and rehabilitation. Aims to keep health problems from getting worse, to reduce
the effects of disease and injury, and to restore individuals to their optimal level of
functioning. Ex: teaching how to perform insulin injections and disease management to
a client with diabetes, referral of a client with spinal cord injury for occupational and
physical therapy and leading a support group for grieving parents.
b. Thinking Upstream: used to focus on interventions that promote health or prevent
illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual
becomes ill.
c. Prevention versus Cure: spending additional dollars for cure in the form of health care
services does little to improve the health of a population; whereas spending money on
prevention does a great deal to improve health.
d. Healthy People 2020: purpose is to provide direction for individuals wanting to change
personal behaviors and to improve health in communities through health promotion
policies.
V. Comparing Public Health Nursing, Community Health Nursing, and Community-Based
Nursing
a. Public Health Nursing: the practice of promoting and protecting the health of
populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences; is
population-focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and
disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be
healthy.
b. Community Health Nursing: the synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice
applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations.
c. Community-Based Nursing: application of the nursing process in caring for individuals,
families, and groups where they live, work, or go to school or as they move through the
health care system. Emphasis on acute and chronic care.
d. Community and Public Health Nursing Practice: Nurses practice disease prevention and
health promotion; is collaborative and is based in research and theory; applies the
nursing process to the care of individuals, families, aggregates, and the community.
