A&P Lab Midterm Review

• Superior/inferior (above/below) – location of structures along the long axis of the body, head is superior to neck, knees are inferior to pelvis • Anterior/posterior (front/back) – the most anterior structures are those that are most forward, posterior structures are those toward the backside of the body. The nose is anterior to the brain. The buttocks is posterior to the genitals • Medial/Lateral (toward the midline/away from the midline) – Medial structures are closer to the body midline or spine in humans, lateral structures are farther away from the midline. The arms are lateral to the chest, the genitals are medial to the hips • Cephalad/Caudal (toward the head/toward the tail) – in humans are like superior/inferior. In animals they are anterior and posterior • Dorsal/Ventral (backside/belly side) – In humans are posterior and anterior, in animals are superior inferior. • Superficial/deep (toward or at the body surface/ away from the body surface or more internal) – locate body organs according to their relative closeness to the body surface. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles 2. Know and understand Body Planes and Directions and understand the terms in practical use. • Sagittal plane – the plane that runs longitudinally down the length of the body, dividing it into right and left parts • Median/midsagittal plane – if it divides the body into equal parts right down the median plane of the body • Frontal (coronal) plane – a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior or posterior parts • Transverse plane - plane that runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior or inferior parts. These sections are called cross sections 3. Be able to identify in which body cavity a major organ or body part would be found. (Heart, lungs, kidneys, ovaries, stomach, intestines) • Dorsal Body Cavity • Consists of the cranial and spinal cavities. • Cranial cavity – within the rigid skull, contains the brain • Spinal cavity – runs within the bony vertebral column, protects the spinal cord • Spinal cord is a continuation of the brain, the cavities ...................................CONTINUED.........................................