Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
a syndrome of the
inappropriate
metabolism of
carbohydrates,
proteins and fats.
DM is related to inappropriate use or action of insulin or insufficient insulin production or
both. Characterized by:
Hyperglycemia
High glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)
The dysmetabolism causes many of the complications of DM
Main Classification of Diabetes
Type 1-destruction of beta cell leading to absolute insulin deficiency (no insulin is
produced)
Type 2- progressive loss of insulin secretion leading to relative insulin deficiency
(inadequate amount of insulin produced)
Gestational diabetes-diagnosed in pregnancy (2nd or 3rd trimester)
Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus –also called Insulin-dependent. With this type, the body
doesn’t make insulin because the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and as
such these individuals must take insulin for the rest of their lives.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus-body does not respond well to the insulin that is made in
the pancreas. Oral medication, insulin or both may be prescribed.
, Insulin can’t be taken orally because it is broken down during digestion and becomes
ineffective.
Know the differences
Type 1 DM Type 2 DM
Body produces no insulin Body produces insulin but not enough or
insulin is not used to the body’s benefit
Usually develops in childhood Commonly develop in adulthood
Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia, tiredness and weakness, polyphagia, tiredness and weakness,
blurry vision, unexplained weight loss, blurry vision, unexplained weight loss,
bedwetting, mood changes and acanthosis nigrican
irritability
Treatment: Insulin injections Treatment: Healthy lifestyle
a syndrome of the
inappropriate
metabolism of
carbohydrates,
proteins and fats.
DM is related to inappropriate use or action of insulin or insufficient insulin production or
both. Characterized by:
Hyperglycemia
High glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)
The dysmetabolism causes many of the complications of DM
Main Classification of Diabetes
Type 1-destruction of beta cell leading to absolute insulin deficiency (no insulin is
produced)
Type 2- progressive loss of insulin secretion leading to relative insulin deficiency
(inadequate amount of insulin produced)
Gestational diabetes-diagnosed in pregnancy (2nd or 3rd trimester)
Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus –also called Insulin-dependent. With this type, the body
doesn’t make insulin because the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed and as
such these individuals must take insulin for the rest of their lives.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus-body does not respond well to the insulin that is made in
the pancreas. Oral medication, insulin or both may be prescribed.
, Insulin can’t be taken orally because it is broken down during digestion and becomes
ineffective.
Know the differences
Type 1 DM Type 2 DM
Body produces no insulin Body produces insulin but not enough or
insulin is not used to the body’s benefit
Usually develops in childhood Commonly develop in adulthood
Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia, tiredness and weakness, polyphagia, tiredness and weakness,
blurry vision, unexplained weight loss, blurry vision, unexplained weight loss,
bedwetting, mood changes and acanthosis nigrican
irritability
Treatment: Insulin injections Treatment: Healthy lifestyle
