Lecture 13: PEST MANAGEMENT - DEFINITION - NEED - OBJECTIVES -
REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL PEST MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMME - COMPONENTS OF PEST MANAGEMENT
Pest Management (or) Integrated Pest Management –
Definition IPM definition by FAO (1967)
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a system that, in the context of
associated environment and population dynamics of the pest species, utilizes all
suitable techniques and methods in as compatible a manner as possible and maintains
pest populations at levels below those causing economic injury.
IPM definition by Luckmann and Metcalf (1994)
IPM is defined as the intelligent selection and use of pest control tactics that
will ensure favourable economical, ecological and sociological consequences.
Need for Pest Management (or) Why Pest Management
1. Development of resistance in insects against insecticides e.g. OP and synthetic
pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera.
2. Out break of secondary pests e.g. Whiteflies emerged as major pest when
spraying insecticide against H. armigera.
3. Resurgence of target pests e.g. BPH of rice increased when some OP chemicals
are applied.
4. When number of application increases, profit decreases.
5. Environmental contamination and reduction in its quality.
6. Killing of non-target animals and natural enemies.
7. Human and animal health hazards.
Stages in crop protection leading to IPM
1. Subsistence phase : Only natural control, no insecticide use
2. Exploitation phase : Applying more pesticides, growing HY varieties and
get more yield and returns
3. Crisis phase : Due over use pesticides, problem of resurgence,
resistance, secondary pest out break, increase in
production cost
4. Disaster phase : Due to increased pesticide use - No profit, high residue
in soil - Collapse of control system
5. Integrated : IPM integrates ecofriendly methods to optimize
Management Phase control rather than maximise it.
REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL PEST MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMME - COMPONENTS OF PEST MANAGEMENT
Pest Management (or) Integrated Pest Management –
Definition IPM definition by FAO (1967)
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a system that, in the context of
associated environment and population dynamics of the pest species, utilizes all
suitable techniques and methods in as compatible a manner as possible and maintains
pest populations at levels below those causing economic injury.
IPM definition by Luckmann and Metcalf (1994)
IPM is defined as the intelligent selection and use of pest control tactics that
will ensure favourable economical, ecological and sociological consequences.
Need for Pest Management (or) Why Pest Management
1. Development of resistance in insects against insecticides e.g. OP and synthetic
pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera.
2. Out break of secondary pests e.g. Whiteflies emerged as major pest when
spraying insecticide against H. armigera.
3. Resurgence of target pests e.g. BPH of rice increased when some OP chemicals
are applied.
4. When number of application increases, profit decreases.
5. Environmental contamination and reduction in its quality.
6. Killing of non-target animals and natural enemies.
7. Human and animal health hazards.
Stages in crop protection leading to IPM
1. Subsistence phase : Only natural control, no insecticide use
2. Exploitation phase : Applying more pesticides, growing HY varieties and
get more yield and returns
3. Crisis phase : Due over use pesticides, problem of resurgence,
resistance, secondary pest out break, increase in
production cost
4. Disaster phase : Due to increased pesticide use - No profit, high residue
in soil - Collapse of control system
5. Integrated : IPM integrates ecofriendly methods to optimize
Management Phase control rather than maximise it.
