Samenvatting fysica: trillingen, golven en thermodynamica (prof. Danckaert & prof. Vandersande)

FYSICA: TRILLINGEN, GOLVEN EN
THERMODYNAMICA




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,INHOUDSOPGAVE
HOOFDSTUK 14: VLOEISTOFFEN EN ELASTICITEIT _______________________________ 5
14.1 Vloeistoffen (=fluids) ________________________________________________________ 5
1. Gas ______________________________________________________________________________ 5
2. Vloeistof (=liquid)___________________________________________________________________ 5
14.2 Druk ______________________________________________________________________ 5
1. Druk in gassen _____________________________________________________________________ 5
2. Druk in vloeistoffen (=hydrostatische druk) ______________________________________________ 5
14.3 Drijfvermogen ______________________________________________________________ 6
1. Object zinkt _______________________________________________________________________ 6
2. Object drijft _______________________________________________________________________ 6
3. Object “zweeft” ____________________________________________________________________ 6
14.4 Hydrodynamica _____________________________________________________________ 6
HOOFDSTUK 18: MACROSCOPISCHE BESCHRIJVING VAN MATERIE _________________ 7
18.1 Aggregatietoestanden _______________________________________________________ 7
1. Vast______________________________________________________________________________ 7
2. Vloeistof __________________________________________________________________________ 7
3. Gas ______________________________________________________________________________ 7
18.2 Temperatuur _______________________________________________________________ 7
18.3 Ideaal gas _________________________________________________________________ 8
18.4 Ideaal-gasproces ____________________________________________________________ 8
1. Met een constant volume ____________________________________________________________ 8
2. Met een constante druk _____________________________________________________________ 8
3. Met een constante temperatuur ______________________________________________________ 8
4. Zonder warmteoverdracht ___________________________________________________________ 8

HOOFDSTUK 19: ARBEID, WARMTE EN 1STE WET THERMODYNAMICA _____________ 9
19.1 Arbeid ____________________________________________________________________ 9
1. Volume verkleinen __________________________________________________________________ 9
2. Volume vergroten __________________________________________________________________ 9
19.2 Warmte ___________________________________________________________________ 9
1. Omgeving is warmst ________________________________________________________________ 9
2. Systeem is warmst __________________________________________________________________ 9
19.3 Eerste wet thermodynamica _________________________________________________ 10
19.4 Thermische eigenschappen van materie ________________________________________ 10
19.5 Warmteoverdracht _________________________________________________________ 10
1. Geleiding ________________________________________________________________________ 10
2. Convectie ________________________________________________________________________ 10
3. Straling __________________________________________________________________________ 10
4. Verdamping ______________________________________________________________________ 10




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, HOOFDSTUK 20 : VERBAND TUSSEN MICRO EN MACRO _________________________ 11
20.1 Druk in een gas ____________________________________________________________ 11
20.2 Temperatuur - Thermisch evenwicht ___________________________________________ 11
20.3 Tweede wet thermodynamica ________________________________________________ 11
HOOFDSTUK 21: WARMTEMOTOREN EN KOUDEMOTOREN ______________________ 12
21.1 Warmte motor ____________________________________________________________ 12
1. Cyclisch proces ____________________________________________________________________ 12
2. Warme reservoir en koude reservoir __________________________________________________ 12
3. Efficiëntie ________________________________________________________________________ 12
21.2 Koude motor ______________________________________________________________ 13
1. Cyclisch proces ____________________________________________________________________ 13
2. Warme reservoir en koude reservoir __________________________________________________ 13
3. Efficiëntie ________________________________________________________________________ 13
21.3 Carnotmotor ______________________________________________________________ 14
1. Cyclisch proces ____________________________________________________________________ 14
2. Efficiëntie ________________________________________________________________________ 14

HOOFDSTUK 12: ROTATIE VAN EEN STAR LICHAAM _____________________________ 15
12.1 Een star lichaam ___________________________________________________________ 15
12.2 Rotatie om een as __________________________________________________________ 15
1. Het traagheidsmoment _____________________________________________________________ 15
2. Impulsmoment ____________________________________________________________________ 15
3. Kinetische rotatie-energie ___________________________________________________________ 15
4. Krachtmoment (=torque) ___________________________________________________________ 15
12.3 Rollende bewegingen _______________________________________________________ 16
12.4 Statisch evenwicht _________________________________________________________ 16
HOOFDSTUK 15: OSCILLATIES _______________________________________________ 17
15.1 Een trilling ________________________________________________________________ 17
15.2 Ongedempte trillingen (= eenvoudige harmonische bewegingen) ___________________ 17
15.3 Gedempte trillingen ________________________________________________________ 18
15.4 Resonantie _______________________________________________________________ 18
HOOFDSTUK 16: LOPENDE GOLVEN __________________________________________ 19
16.1 Een golf __________________________________________________________________ 19
1. Transversale golven ________________________________________________________________ 19
2. Longitudinale golven _______________________________________________________________ 19
16.2 Golven in één of meerdere dimensies __________________________________________ 20
1. Golven in één dimensie _____________________________________________________________ 20
2. Golven in twee of drie dimensies _____________________________________________________ 20
3. Sinusoïdale golven _________________________________________________________________ 20




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