NURSE-UN.1 - PATHO FINAL STUDY GUIDE.

NURSE-UN.1 - PATHO FINAL STUDY GUIDE/NURSE-UN.1 - PATHO FINAL STUDY GUIDE. WEEK 1:REVIEW ON CELLULAR CHANGES – ADAPTATION, INJURY, DEATH Stress increases functional demand adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia) Stress is reversible – when it’s relieved cell returns to normal Irreversible stress – too much damage necrosis Reversible Stress Types Atrophy: decreased size of cell due to decreased functional demand Overall decrease tissue mass Muscle can atrophy if not used because of injury, neuromuscular dysfunction (i.e. spinal cord) Bones, glands, vagina can also atrophy Prednisone/steroids can atrophy adrenals and testes Hypertrophy: increased size due to increased demand Beneficial for skeletal muscle Not good for heart tissue – leaves less space for blood to flow & restricts C.O. Hyperplasia: enlarged tissue mass due to fxn demand or stress that leads to an increased # of cells Hyperplasia of epithelial tissue = calluses