PSYCH 111 Exam 1 - Chapter 1 - 6 Questions And Answers

PSYCH 111 Exam 1 CHAPTER 1 Q: Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect? A: Edward Thorndike Q: The authors of this text believe that the future of psychology will ____. A: combine and integrate new and existing perspectives Q: As part of their effort to measure behavior carefully, many behaviorists restricted their research to studies using ____. A: animals Q: Beth has always enjoyed solving theoretical problems, is very good at math and statistics, and is excited to learn more about experimental design. She may be most interested in the ____ track of psychology. A: experimental Q: The relationship between behavior and biology is ____. A: reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa Q: In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology? A: By studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method Q: Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism? A: Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run. Q: Who was a vocal proponent of dualism? A: René Descartes Q: Which of the following best describes the British empiricists’ view of the mind? A: Infants learn to process language entirely based on their sensory experiences. Q: Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless about the future, and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she participate in a discussion group led by a social worker to connect with others who are going through a similar experience. Which approach to psychological disorders does this exemplify? A: The psychological model Q: The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was one of the earliest thinkers to address the question, “What is the mind?” He viewed the mind as three parts that must be in balance: ____. A: reason, spirit, and appetite Q: If we restrict our thinking about an aspect of mind to the information provided by one perspective, at worst, the result may ____. A: lead us in the wrong direction Q: Which of the following statements about Freud’s work is true? A: His theories do not lend themselves to experimentation. Q: Which of the following refers to the very private and internal mental processes that the behaviorists avoided studying—information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving? A: cognition Q: Any science that studies nonliving matter, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology, is called a(n) ____ science. A: physical Q: A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____. A: introspection Q: Our judicial system relies heavily on eyewitness testimony; however, as ____ informs us, eyewitness testimony can be shaped by a community’s perceptions of race. A: social psychology Q: When psychologists examine psychological phenomena from different perspectives, it ____. A: indicates different points of view about behavior Q: Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence? A: “I hear what you’re saying.” Q: The psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on the behavior of individuals is called ____ psychology. A: social