Huether and McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th Edition TEST BANK - With answer elaborations

Huether and McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th Edition Chapter 01: Cellular Biology Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? ANS: B The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones. Free-floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles. No organelles describes a prokaryotic cell. REF: p. 2 2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy? ANS: D The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cell’s function of respiration. a. A single circular chromosome b. A nucleus c. Free-floating nuclear material d. No organelles a. Metabolic absorption b. Communication c. Secretion d. Respiration The ability of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. The ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cell’s function of metabolic absorption. The ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cell’s function of secretion. REF: p. 3 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? ANS: C The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell. The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material. REF: p. 5 4. The fluid mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer? ANS: B Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers.