Plant origins
1.Main stages in plant evolution
• 1st indication of life: First cells
• From prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells - Evolution of eukaryotes (plants)
• Colonization of the land, The first forests
• Emergence of seed plants
• Flowering plants
• Evolution of grasses
2.Origin of life
• Big bang
• Solar nebula & Earth formation- no oxygen, a lot of CO2, high temperature
• Cooling down of Earth
• 1st cells- Archean era (bacteria, stromatolites- fossil cyanobacteria with
primitive form of photosynthesis => prokaryotes)
3.Prokaryotes
• Single cell organism
• No membrane bound organelles
• Protection against UV (living in the ocean, mucilaginous sheath,
biochemical DNA repair) system
• Asexual reproduction
▪ Binary fission
▪ Budding
, ▪ Budding
a. From prokaryotes to eukaryotes- endosymbiosis
• 1st endosymbiotic event- engulfing a proteobacterium into a
prokaryotic host cell => Non-photosynthetic proto-eukaryotic cell with
a primitive mitochondrion
• 2nd endosymbiotic event- engulfing a cyanobacterium into a non-
photosynthetic proto-eukaryotic cell => photosynthetic eukaryotic cell
with a primitive chloroplast
4.Eukaryotes
1.Main stages in plant evolution
• 1st indication of life: First cells
• From prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells - Evolution of eukaryotes (plants)
• Colonization of the land, The first forests
• Emergence of seed plants
• Flowering plants
• Evolution of grasses
2.Origin of life
• Big bang
• Solar nebula & Earth formation- no oxygen, a lot of CO2, high temperature
• Cooling down of Earth
• 1st cells- Archean era (bacteria, stromatolites- fossil cyanobacteria with
primitive form of photosynthesis => prokaryotes)
3.Prokaryotes
• Single cell organism
• No membrane bound organelles
• Protection against UV (living in the ocean, mucilaginous sheath,
biochemical DNA repair) system
• Asexual reproduction
▪ Binary fission
▪ Budding
, ▪ Budding
a. From prokaryotes to eukaryotes- endosymbiosis
• 1st endosymbiotic event- engulfing a proteobacterium into a
prokaryotic host cell => Non-photosynthetic proto-eukaryotic cell with
a primitive mitochondrion
• 2nd endosymbiotic event- engulfing a cyanobacterium into a non-
photosynthetic proto-eukaryotic cell => photosynthetic eukaryotic cell
with a primitive chloroplast
4.Eukaryotes
