SYNTAX 21-22
Majoury van Kleef
ENN – YEAR 2 HAN university ILS
,M.v.Kleef HAN ILS-2021-2022
Contents
Chapter 2: Words .................................................................................................................................... 3
Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1: Wordclasses ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Parsing ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Practice ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Which word class ............................................................................................................................ 6
Pronoun practice............................................................................................................................. 7
Subject and Predicator ............................................................................................................................ 9
Theory: book ....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Subject....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.1 ‘There’ as provisional subject. ............................................................................................... 9
4.1.2 ‘It’ as formal subject............................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Predicate ................................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Predicator................................................................................................................................ 10
Noun phrase and Verb phrase. ............................................................................................................. 15
Theory: .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Phrases .......................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Noun phrase (NP). ................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Modifiers. ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.3 Determiners. ........................................................................................................................ 16
3.2 Verb phrase (1)........................................................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 Head. .................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Modifiers .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.23 multi-word verbs. .................................................................................................................. 19
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Noun Phrase .................................................................................................................................. 22
Verb Phrase ................................................................................................................................... 23
Subject compliment and direct object. ................................................................................................. 25
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 25
4.4 subject complement ............................................................................................................... 25
4.5 Direct object. ........................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.1 formal direct object. ............................................................................................................ 26
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Verb phrase (2). .................................................................................................................................... 30
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 30
1
,M.v.Kleef HAN ILS-2021-2022
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 31
Indirect object and Object compliment. ............................................................................................... 32
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 32
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 35
DO, OC, IO & SC ............................................................................................................................. 35
Adjective phrase and Adverb phrase. ................................................................................................... 37
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 37
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Adverbials ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 41
Preposition phrase ............................................................................................................................ 43
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 46
Phrases within phrases. ........................................................................................................................ 47
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 49
Worksheet: Parts of the Sentence: phrases within phrases ................................................................. 49
Simple sentences and complex sentences............................................................................................ 51
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 51
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 53
All levels of analysis .............................................................................................................................. 54
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 57
2
, M.v.Kleef HAN ILS-2021-2022
Chapter 2: Words
Theory
2.1: Wordclasses
Word class: the category that a word belongs to.
Word class EN Dutch equivalent Definition Example
Noun Zelfstandig naamwoord A person, place Mary, John,
or thing. man, woman,
teacher, home,
office, town,
America, table,
music, apple,
monkey etc.
Definite article Bepaald lidwoord Always: The
Indefinite Onbepaald lidwoord Always: a / an
article
Adjective Bijvoegelijk naamwoord Tells Cold, big, heavy
something etc.
about a noun.
(you can make
degrees of
comparison eg:
cold, colder,
coldest)
Verb Werkwoord Word to Walk, read, be,
describe an seem, can etc.
action.
Adverb Bijwoord Says Quickly,
something seriously,
about the always,
verb. fortunately,
yesterday,
when, where,
why, how etc.
Particle Partikel To, (to go, to sit
etc.)
Pronoun Voornaamwoord
Personal Persoonlijk Often used as I, you, he, she,
pronoun voornaamwoord the subject of it, we, they, me,
a sentence. you, him, her, it,
3
Majoury van Kleef
ENN – YEAR 2 HAN university ILS
,M.v.Kleef HAN ILS-2021-2022
Contents
Chapter 2: Words .................................................................................................................................... 3
Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1: Wordclasses ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Parsing ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Practice ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Which word class ............................................................................................................................ 6
Pronoun practice............................................................................................................................. 7
Subject and Predicator ............................................................................................................................ 9
Theory: book ....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Subject....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.1 ‘There’ as provisional subject. ............................................................................................... 9
4.1.2 ‘It’ as formal subject............................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Predicate ................................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Predicator................................................................................................................................ 10
Noun phrase and Verb phrase. ............................................................................................................. 15
Theory: .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Phrases .......................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Noun phrase (NP). ................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Modifiers. ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.3 Determiners. ........................................................................................................................ 16
3.2 Verb phrase (1)........................................................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 Head. .................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Modifiers .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.23 multi-word verbs. .................................................................................................................. 19
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Noun Phrase .................................................................................................................................. 22
Verb Phrase ................................................................................................................................... 23
Subject compliment and direct object. ................................................................................................. 25
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 25
4.4 subject complement ............................................................................................................... 25
4.5 Direct object. ........................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.1 formal direct object. ............................................................................................................ 26
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Verb phrase (2). .................................................................................................................................... 30
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 30
1
,M.v.Kleef HAN ILS-2021-2022
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 31
Indirect object and Object compliment. ............................................................................................... 32
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 32
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 35
DO, OC, IO & SC ............................................................................................................................. 35
Adjective phrase and Adverb phrase. ................................................................................................... 37
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 37
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Adverbials ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 41
Preposition phrase ............................................................................................................................ 43
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 46
Phrases within phrases. ........................................................................................................................ 47
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 49
Worksheet: Parts of the Sentence: phrases within phrases ................................................................. 49
Simple sentences and complex sentences............................................................................................ 51
Theory ............................................................................................................................................... 51
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 53
All levels of analysis .............................................................................................................................. 54
Practice ............................................................................................................................................. 57
2
, M.v.Kleef HAN ILS-2021-2022
Chapter 2: Words
Theory
2.1: Wordclasses
Word class: the category that a word belongs to.
Word class EN Dutch equivalent Definition Example
Noun Zelfstandig naamwoord A person, place Mary, John,
or thing. man, woman,
teacher, home,
office, town,
America, table,
music, apple,
monkey etc.
Definite article Bepaald lidwoord Always: The
Indefinite Onbepaald lidwoord Always: a / an
article
Adjective Bijvoegelijk naamwoord Tells Cold, big, heavy
something etc.
about a noun.
(you can make
degrees of
comparison eg:
cold, colder,
coldest)
Verb Werkwoord Word to Walk, read, be,
describe an seem, can etc.
action.
Adverb Bijwoord Says Quickly,
something seriously,
about the always,
verb. fortunately,
yesterday,
when, where,
why, how etc.
Particle Partikel To, (to go, to sit
etc.)
Pronoun Voornaamwoord
Personal Persoonlijk Often used as I, you, he, she,
pronoun voornaamwoord the subject of it, we, they, me,
a sentence. you, him, her, it,
3
