Exam (elaborations) NR 222 Health and Wellness Test 1 Chamberlain College of Nursing

Exam (elaborations) NR 222 Health and Wellness Chamberlain College of Nursing UNIT 1 Health Defined Models of health  Wellness- illness continuum o Health as dichotomy o High-level wellness  Sense of well being, life satisfaction, and quality of life o Negative end  Adaptation to disease/ disability Social determinant of health  Factors in a society that have an influence on health and the options available to people to improve or maintain their health Models of Health  Clinical o Health is defined as Absence of signs or symptoms of disease or illness ; prevention not emphasized  Role performance o Health based on whether person can perform societal roles  Adaptive o Abilities to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological change  Eudaimonistic model o Exuberant well-being: interaction and inter relationships in multiple aspects of life *compare and contrast different type of models High-level wellness  Wellness is positive state with increases in health beyond midpoint of continuum  Dunn (1961) expanded concept of health to include favorability of environment  Progressions toward a higher level of functioning  Emphasizes interrelationship between environment and health on personal and societal level Eudaimonistic model  Aspects predate clinical model  Congruent with integrative modes of therapy  Address more comprehensive health needs  Compatible with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)  Health is more broadly defined and can encompass more individuals and more diverse life circumstances NR 222 Health and Wellness Test 1 Chamberlain College of Nursing Key Health Concepts  Functioning- levels reflected in terms of performance/ social expectations; loss indicator of need for nursing intervention  Health- state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning within developmental context, both individual and societal responsibility  Disease- failure of adaptive mechanisms, results in functional or structural disturbances  Illness- subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of diseasepsychological, spiritual and social components What is nursing?  Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; treating medical response to treatment and diagnosis; advocacy in the care of individuals Nursing interventions  Care for patients and follow the nursing process  Any task that a nurse does to or for a patient  Making a plan and setting goals for the patient  Nursing process- the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver holistic, patient- focused care Planning for health  Previous focus was just on disease prevention  We need to promote health  healthy people iniative started in 1979 by US department of Health, Education, and welfare  call to action to set goals for every 10 years  interest waned during the 1980s  healthy people 2020- renewed interest- became landmark document (initiated 1990) Health model- Potter and Perry Healthy People Iniative  healthy people 2000 o goal- increase span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, create access to preventive services for all o set 22 areas of achievement but by 1995, 30% of goals lacked progress  healthy people 2010  healthy people 2020 o health promotion and disease prevention efforts Definition of health and health promotion  health- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; a state of physical and mental being that people define in relation to the their own values, personality, and lifestyle  health promotion- the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health; the process of advocating health to enhance the probability that the person support positive health practices will become a societal norm Levels of Prevention  primary o health promotion and specific protection  secondary o early diagnosis o prompt treatment o disability limitation o ex. Screening to treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease  tertiary o restoration and rehabilitation *diagram page 10- 3 levels of prevention Health Promotion model  incorporates o stages of change o decisional balance o self-efficacy o processes of change o six stages of change:  precontemplative- not considering change  contemplative- aware but not considering change soon  preparation- planning to change  action- has begun to make behavioral change  maintenance- continued commitment to behavior  relapse- reverted to old behavior The nurses role  shifting from acute, hospital based care to preventative community based care  must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence- based practice  greater emphasis on promoting and maximizing health Evidence based practice  using research findings to make decisions  conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals  integrating individual clinical experience in practice  quantitative, qualitivative research, and applied research Improving prospects for health  population effects o increase diversity o changes in age distribution  shifting problems o environment o stress o lifestyle o increase in chronic conditions  moving toward solutions o individual involvement o government involvement Health policy Historical role of women  Florence nightingale- crusaded for nutritious food, cleanliness, and sanitation for soldiers  Lillian wald- founded NYC visiting nurses association to provide health services for indigents in tenements  Through the decades, nurses developed unique roles as agents for health Historical industrial influences  Adequate food supply prolonged life span  Industrial advances prevented diseases o Toilet, sewer systems o Decrease in typhoid, paratyphoid, gastroenteritis Historical scientific influences  Prior to 20th century, infectious disease was major cause of death Historical socioeconomic influences  Elizabethan poor laws  New law 1834  Protestant work ethic Public Health influences  Edwin chadwick- father of public health Political and economic influences  Roosevelt’s new deal had a effect on health car o Passage of social security act in 1935 o This then developed into Medicaid and medicare Preventative vs Curative Medicine Nursing in the 21st century  Societal needs  Aging population  Emerging infections  Disaster management  Advnaves in technology  Higher acuity of hospitalized clients  Earlier discharges  Nursing shortage  Affordable care act  Increased incidence of chronic