PSY Drug abuse Workshop

PSY Drug abuse Workshop Cocaine originates from the Coca leaf. True False QUESTION 2 0.00999 points 1. Amphetamines are currently prescribed for only a few conditions. True False QUESTION 3 1. Antihistamines: May have a drying effect May cause drowsiness Can be used with alcohol Both A and B above QUESTION 4 1. THC decreases heart rate. True False QUESTION 5 1. Marijuana can: Cause dependency Impair memory Cause tachycardia All of the above 0.00999 points 0.00999 points 0.00999 points 1. 3 classes of performance enhancing drugs: - stimulants: amphetamine and amphetamine-like drugs - anabolic-androgenic steroids - hormones: growth, insulin-like, trythropoetin 2. 4 Cannabinoid Pharmaceuticals: 1. Dronabinol (Marinol) 2. Nabilone (Cesamet) 3. Sativex 4. Rimonabant (Acomplia in EU, Zimulti on US) 3. 6 Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: 1. alcohol 2. irritability, tremor, and nausea 3. sleep disturbances 4. high blood pressure, rapid heart beat 5. delirium tremors in extreme cases 6. agitation, confusion, hallucinations, nausea,d diarrhea 4. 7 Sites of Δ9-THC action in the brain: - ventral tegmental area (VTA)-nucleus accumbens: reward pathway (mesolimbic dopamine system). -Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS): Afferent input from the GI tract. Nausea and vomiting. -Hypothalamus: appetite stimulation -Hippocampus: memory -Amygdala: anxiety -Nucleus of meynert-cerebral cortex: cognition Periaqueductal gray: pain pathways. 5.7 symptoms of alcoholism: 1. Tolerance (you are an experienced alcohol user) 2. Withdrawal symptoms or use of alcohol to relieve withdrawal ("hair of the dog", "eye opener") 3. Drinking more than intended 4. Unsuccessful attempts to cut down use 5. Excessive time related to alcohol (drinking, hangover) 6. Impaired social or work activities due to alcohol 7. Continued use despite physical or psychological consequences 6.90-98% of consumed ethanol is excreted as by the .: - acetate - kidney 7. AAS studies: - double-blind placebo controlled studies are rare - clinical studies not feasible - most information is anecdotal - placebo controlled studies have not typically used "supra physiological" doses of AAS; early studies failed to find beneficial effects on performance - recent studies using supra physiological doses have found that AAS improve performance by 5-20% in pre-trained but not training subjects - likely lower doses in studies than used illegally - adverse effects of high dose AAS treatment 8. Absorption and distribution of Cannabinoids: - typically smoked - gives a fast rise in blood levels - half-life in the blood is about 30 minutes - Time course is similar after IV administration - oral administration yields a slow rise and slow decay with a much lower peak effect. - Δ9-THC is very lipophilic. Moves rapidly from the circulation into fat stores. Can remain there for many days. 9. Absorption from the stomach is relatively slow so anything that delays emptying from the stomach (food for example) will delay .: - alcohol absorption 10. Acamprosate: - blocks NMDA receptors 11. Acetaldehyde is oxidized by (found in the ) to produce which is readily excreted by the .: - aldehyde dehydrogenase - mitochondria - acetate - kidney