Our Lady of Fatima University Red Blood Cell (RBC) - also known as "Erythrocytes"
• annucleated
College of Pharmacy
• normal = 6-8 micrometer
Anatomy and Physiology • 7 - 10 micrometer in diameter (exactly the diameter of
capillary, that's why red blood cell pass through capillary one
Blood and Lymph at a time)
• MALE - 5.5 million per cubic millimeter
Blood • FEMALE - 4.9 million per cubic millimeter
- a specialized connective tissue ( also known as only liquid • Shape - biconcave disc HEMOGLOBIN
tissue ) - contains oxygen carrying protein that gives red
Average amount of blood in the body (ADULT) = 7-9% of total color to the blood
body weight - life span = 120 days (in vivo / life)
Male = 5-6L - less than 120 days <90 days> (in vitro) RBC
Female = 4-5L • Microcytosis - rbc less than 6 micrometer ( conditions:
parasitism, iron deficiency anemia )
Functions of blood • Macrocytosis - rbc is greater than 9 micrometer
1. Transport (of nutritive materials) ( conditions: megaloblastic anemia )
2. Protection (through WBC) • Anisocytosis - erythrocytes with variable sizes
3. Regulation (of state of the body such as pH) • Reticulocytes - immature RBC released from the bone
marrow before completion of erythropoeisis (last stage
Components of blood: before it become mature RBC)
1. Plasma - liquid portion (unclotted blood) • 1-2% of RBC in peripheral circulation
"SERUM"- clotted blood (plasma - fibrinogen) * if there is increased reticulocytes in the bloodstream it
A. Plasma contains WATER = 90% means that there is active production of RBC in the bone
B. Plasma contains PLASMA PROTEINS such as: marrow
- albumin
- globulin (immunoglobins for red blood cells) ROULEAUX FORMATION
- fibrinogen (largest plasma protein) - stacking up in aggregates of RBC in small vessels ( it is
normal until the presence of blood clot happen)
Formed elements (whole cell, cell fragments) :
A. RBC - red blood cell - erythrocyte 1. Hemoglobin (Hgb) - oxygen carrying protein of blood
B. WBC - white blood cell - leukocyte - Male = 14-16 grams
C. PLATELETS (considered cell fragments) - thrombocytes non- - Female = 12-14 grams
nucleated cell (RBC + PLATELETS) * Male has higher Hgb because testosterone in male
stimulates synthesis of erythropoetin (EPO)
*When blood was successfully transmitted to a test tube and 2. Hematocrit (Hct) - “to separate” is the number of RBC in
is then placed in the centrifuge it will be composed of 3 parts: whole blood
1. Liquid portion (plasma) - Male = 45-52%
2. Solid portion (popped red blood cell) - Female = 37-48%
3. Middle portion (buffy coat) - contains wbc and platelets
, RBC DISORDERS NON - GRANULAR LEUKOCYTE
1. Anemia - decrease in the number of functional - contains azurophilic granule ( does not contain specific
erythrocytes granules)
2. Polycythemia - increase in the number of erythrocytes 1. Lymphocytes
WHTE BLOOD CELLS A. 20-25% (28%)
- can travel and travel back in the bloodstream B. It is increased during chronic and viral infection
5,000 - 10,000 /cc C. Most numerous granular leukocyte
- (leukopenia) decrease in WBC D. Have minimal cytoplasm and lacks specific granules
- (leukocytosis) increase in WBC
Contains nucleus TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES:
Less numerous and larger than RBC A. B-cell (specific)
Most live in few days except lymphocyte which can live - plasma cells - antibodies
for several months or year - involed in Humoral Mediated that will be
Combats pathogen by phagocytosis and immune converted to MAST CELL which is responsible for
response memory
TYPES OF WBC: B. T-cell (specific)
1. Neutrophils a) Contains cytotoxic killer cells and supressor cells
a) Cell size and quantity (60-70%) b) T helper cells (also known as CD4) which is
b) Contains an appendage known as “drumstick” important in initiateing CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
(BARR Body) which appears at the end of the c) Memory
nucleus. It indicates that this is a female because it
contains an inactive X chromosome found only in C. NK cells (non-specific)
female neutrophils - attacks virus infected cells and transplanted cells
c) It is the first line of defense as it responds quickly
to acute bacterial infection 2. Monocytes
A. 3-8% (5%)
2 . Eosinophils B. Kidney-shaped or U-shaped nucleus
A. 2-4% (2nd most numerous granulocyte) C. Largest of formed elements which is 12-20 micrometer
B. Phagocytize Ag - Ab complexes formed in allergies D. Stays in the bloodstream only for 3 days
C. Destroys certain parasitic worm E. Capable of phagocytosis as it transforms to macrophages
D. Contains 2 lobes (specific and azurophilic granule) when it gets out of the circulation
2. Basophils
a) 0.5-1% (least commonly encountered granulocyte)
b) Coarse large granules which stain dark blue
obscuring S - shaped nucleus
c) Granules contains:
i. Active secretiona nd release of histamine and
heparin
ii. Releases slow reacting substance of
anaphylaxis - SRS -A PLATELETS
• annucleated
College of Pharmacy
• normal = 6-8 micrometer
Anatomy and Physiology • 7 - 10 micrometer in diameter (exactly the diameter of
capillary, that's why red blood cell pass through capillary one
Blood and Lymph at a time)
• MALE - 5.5 million per cubic millimeter
Blood • FEMALE - 4.9 million per cubic millimeter
- a specialized connective tissue ( also known as only liquid • Shape - biconcave disc HEMOGLOBIN
tissue ) - contains oxygen carrying protein that gives red
Average amount of blood in the body (ADULT) = 7-9% of total color to the blood
body weight - life span = 120 days (in vivo / life)
Male = 5-6L - less than 120 days <90 days> (in vitro) RBC
Female = 4-5L • Microcytosis - rbc less than 6 micrometer ( conditions:
parasitism, iron deficiency anemia )
Functions of blood • Macrocytosis - rbc is greater than 9 micrometer
1. Transport (of nutritive materials) ( conditions: megaloblastic anemia )
2. Protection (through WBC) • Anisocytosis - erythrocytes with variable sizes
3. Regulation (of state of the body such as pH) • Reticulocytes - immature RBC released from the bone
marrow before completion of erythropoeisis (last stage
Components of blood: before it become mature RBC)
1. Plasma - liquid portion (unclotted blood) • 1-2% of RBC in peripheral circulation
"SERUM"- clotted blood (plasma - fibrinogen) * if there is increased reticulocytes in the bloodstream it
A. Plasma contains WATER = 90% means that there is active production of RBC in the bone
B. Plasma contains PLASMA PROTEINS such as: marrow
- albumin
- globulin (immunoglobins for red blood cells) ROULEAUX FORMATION
- fibrinogen (largest plasma protein) - stacking up in aggregates of RBC in small vessels ( it is
normal until the presence of blood clot happen)
Formed elements (whole cell, cell fragments) :
A. RBC - red blood cell - erythrocyte 1. Hemoglobin (Hgb) - oxygen carrying protein of blood
B. WBC - white blood cell - leukocyte - Male = 14-16 grams
C. PLATELETS (considered cell fragments) - thrombocytes non- - Female = 12-14 grams
nucleated cell (RBC + PLATELETS) * Male has higher Hgb because testosterone in male
stimulates synthesis of erythropoetin (EPO)
*When blood was successfully transmitted to a test tube and 2. Hematocrit (Hct) - “to separate” is the number of RBC in
is then placed in the centrifuge it will be composed of 3 parts: whole blood
1. Liquid portion (plasma) - Male = 45-52%
2. Solid portion (popped red blood cell) - Female = 37-48%
3. Middle portion (buffy coat) - contains wbc and platelets
, RBC DISORDERS NON - GRANULAR LEUKOCYTE
1. Anemia - decrease in the number of functional - contains azurophilic granule ( does not contain specific
erythrocytes granules)
2. Polycythemia - increase in the number of erythrocytes 1. Lymphocytes
WHTE BLOOD CELLS A. 20-25% (28%)
- can travel and travel back in the bloodstream B. It is increased during chronic and viral infection
5,000 - 10,000 /cc C. Most numerous granular leukocyte
- (leukopenia) decrease in WBC D. Have minimal cytoplasm and lacks specific granules
- (leukocytosis) increase in WBC
Contains nucleus TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES:
Less numerous and larger than RBC A. B-cell (specific)
Most live in few days except lymphocyte which can live - plasma cells - antibodies
for several months or year - involed in Humoral Mediated that will be
Combats pathogen by phagocytosis and immune converted to MAST CELL which is responsible for
response memory
TYPES OF WBC: B. T-cell (specific)
1. Neutrophils a) Contains cytotoxic killer cells and supressor cells
a) Cell size and quantity (60-70%) b) T helper cells (also known as CD4) which is
b) Contains an appendage known as “drumstick” important in initiateing CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
(BARR Body) which appears at the end of the c) Memory
nucleus. It indicates that this is a female because it
contains an inactive X chromosome found only in C. NK cells (non-specific)
female neutrophils - attacks virus infected cells and transplanted cells
c) It is the first line of defense as it responds quickly
to acute bacterial infection 2. Monocytes
A. 3-8% (5%)
2 . Eosinophils B. Kidney-shaped or U-shaped nucleus
A. 2-4% (2nd most numerous granulocyte) C. Largest of formed elements which is 12-20 micrometer
B. Phagocytize Ag - Ab complexes formed in allergies D. Stays in the bloodstream only for 3 days
C. Destroys certain parasitic worm E. Capable of phagocytosis as it transforms to macrophages
D. Contains 2 lobes (specific and azurophilic granule) when it gets out of the circulation
2. Basophils
a) 0.5-1% (least commonly encountered granulocyte)
b) Coarse large granules which stain dark blue
obscuring S - shaped nucleus
c) Granules contains:
i. Active secretiona nd release of histamine and
heparin
ii. Releases slow reacting substance of
anaphylaxis - SRS -A PLATELETS
