NURS 6521 Week 3 Discussion-Patient HM

NURS 6521 Week 3 Discussion-Patient HM Week 3 DQ. Nurs 6521 Cardiovascular System Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. Drugs currently prescribed include the following: • Warfarin 5 mg daily MWF and 2.5 mg daily T, TH, Sat, Sun • Aspirin 81 mg daily • Metformin 1000 mg po bid • Glyburide 10 mg bid • Atenolol 100 mg po daily • Motrin 200 mg 1–3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain This week’s topic is focused on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of medications related to the cardiovascular system, specifically hypertension and hyperlipidemia. A discussion of the medication’s HF is taking along with the potential interactions and adverse drug reactions that may ensue due to other co-morbidities and the unmodifiable risk factor of age. Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, (2017) state pharmacokinetics relates to the ADME format of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of medications. And Pharmacodynamics is how a medication alters biological functions to exact a change, preferentially for the better of the patient. However, Doogue and Polasek (2013) identify a new acronym of ABCD which is administration, bioavailability, clearance, and distribution. HM in this week’s case is of indeterminate age, ethnicity, gender, genetics and behavioral traits. And all these factors can be influential in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications. However, age is an unmodifiable risk factor that every individual encounters and advance practice nurses must be aware of this factor always. As a person ages multiple changes occur within the human body that affects absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Absorption in the stomach and intestines decreases as pH decreases with age, but transit time through the intestines is slowed so more of the medication may be absorbed. Distribution can be affected by the decrease in body fat and circulatory compromise, metabolism may be altered due to liver disease, other diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. And excretion is reduced especially from the kidneys and this will increase the half life of medications that are eliminated through the renal system (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017).