NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam 2 Questions with Answers and

Explanations (All Correct).


Question 1:
What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

Student
Acoustic trauma and noise induced
Answer:

High frequency and low frequency

High frequency and acoustic trauma

Noise induced and low frequency
Instructor Two types of hearing loss are associated with noise: (1) acoustic trauma or
Explanation: instantaneous damage caused by a single sharply rising wave of sound (e.g.,
gunfire), and (2) noise-induced hearing loss, the more common type, which
is the result of prolonged exposure to intense sound (e.g., noise associated
with the workplace and leisure-time activities). The remaining options are
not related to noise but rather to the amplitude of the sound.



Question 2 Question : A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response
. is called:

Student
Hemolytic shock
Answer:

Anaphylaxis

Necrotizing vasculitis

Systemic erythematosus
Instructor Examples of systemic anaphylaxis are allergic reactions to beestings,
Explanation: peanuts, and fish. The other options are not accurate examples of
hypersensitivity.



Question 3 Question : Which cytokine is produced and released from virally
. infected host cells?

, Student
IL-1
Answer:

IL-10

Tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
Instructor Only interferons are produced and released by virally infected cells in
Explanation: response to viral double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). IFN-α and IFN-β
induce the production of antiviral proteins, thereby conferring protection on
uninfected cells. IFN-α or IFN-β is released from virally infected cells and
attaches to a receptor on a neighboring cell. IFNs also enhance the
efficiency of developing an acquired immune response.




Question 4 Question : Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of
. childhood asthma?

Student
CD4 helper T 1 (Th1) lymphocytes
Answer:

CD4 helper T 2 (Th2) lymphocytes

CD8 cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes

Memory T lymphocytes
Instructor Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 helper T cells
Explanation: produce specific cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an
atopic and allergic response in the airways. This selection is the only option
that accurately identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.


Question 5 Question : Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound
. healing because of which problem?

Student
The circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
Answer:

Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.

Underlying chronic illnesses exist.

The number of mast cells is insufficient.