Page 1
NUR 2488 MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 1
Mental Health Exam 1
Theorists:
Freud
Id: The primitive, pleasure-seeking part of our personalities
that lurks in the unconscious mind.
Ego: Our sense of self. Acts as an intermediary between the
Id and the world by using ego defense mechanisms, such as
repression, denial, and rationalization. Engages in secondary
process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated
towards problem solving.
Superego: Assigned to those processes that Freud referred to
as our conscience and is greatly influenced by our parents' or
caregivers' morals and ethical stances.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological- food, water, oxygen, elimination, rest, sex
2. Safety- protection, security, stability, order, structure,
limits
3. Love and Belonging Needs- affiliation, affection, lover
4. Esteem- competency, achievement, esteem from others
5. Self Actualization- becoming everything one is capable of
Erikson’s Stages of Development
Infant: Birth - 1.5 yrs old
o Trust vs. Mistrust
o Task: develop a basic sense of trust and comfort and
minimal fear and uncertainty.
Early childhood (toddler) - 1.5-3 yrs old
o Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
o Task: gain self-control and independence
, Page 2
Preschooler 3-6 yrs old
o Initiative vs. Guilt
o Task: achieve sense of purpose and task mastery
School age 6-12 yrs old
o Industry vs. Inferiority
o Task: self-confidence thru learning and competition
Adolescent 12-20 yrs old
o Identity vs. Role confusion
o Task: differentiation from parents leads to fidelity,
integrate all the above for sense of self
Young adult 20-30 yrs old
o Intimacy vs. isolation
o Task: form intense long term relationships
Adult 30-65 yrs old
o Generativity vs. Self-absorption
o Task: achieve life goals and obtain concern for future
generation
Older adult 65+
o Integrity vs. Despair
o Task: derive meaning from life and sense of self worth
Role of neurotransmitters as related disorders:
Dopamine
Increase:
o Schizophrenia
o Mania
Decrease:
o Parkinson's disease
o Depression
Functions:
o Fine muscle movement
o Integration of emotions and thoughts
, Page 3
o Decision making
o Stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones (sex,
thyroid, adrenal)
Serotonin
Increase:
o Anxiety states
Decrease:
o Depression
Functions:
o Mood
o Sleep regulation
o Hunger
o Pain perception
o Aggression and libido
o Hormonal activity
Norepinephrine
Increase:
o Mania
o Anxiety
o Schizophrenia
Decrease:
o Depression
Functions:
o Mood
o Attention and arousal
o Stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous
system for "fight or flight" in response to stress
GABA
Increase:
o Reduction of anxiety
o Schizophrenia
o Mania
Decrease:
NUR 2488 MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 1
Mental Health Exam 1
Theorists:
Freud
Id: The primitive, pleasure-seeking part of our personalities
that lurks in the unconscious mind.
Ego: Our sense of self. Acts as an intermediary between the
Id and the world by using ego defense mechanisms, such as
repression, denial, and rationalization. Engages in secondary
process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated
towards problem solving.
Superego: Assigned to those processes that Freud referred to
as our conscience and is greatly influenced by our parents' or
caregivers' morals and ethical stances.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological- food, water, oxygen, elimination, rest, sex
2. Safety- protection, security, stability, order, structure,
limits
3. Love and Belonging Needs- affiliation, affection, lover
4. Esteem- competency, achievement, esteem from others
5. Self Actualization- becoming everything one is capable of
Erikson’s Stages of Development
Infant: Birth - 1.5 yrs old
o Trust vs. Mistrust
o Task: develop a basic sense of trust and comfort and
minimal fear and uncertainty.
Early childhood (toddler) - 1.5-3 yrs old
o Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
o Task: gain self-control and independence
, Page 2
Preschooler 3-6 yrs old
o Initiative vs. Guilt
o Task: achieve sense of purpose and task mastery
School age 6-12 yrs old
o Industry vs. Inferiority
o Task: self-confidence thru learning and competition
Adolescent 12-20 yrs old
o Identity vs. Role confusion
o Task: differentiation from parents leads to fidelity,
integrate all the above for sense of self
Young adult 20-30 yrs old
o Intimacy vs. isolation
o Task: form intense long term relationships
Adult 30-65 yrs old
o Generativity vs. Self-absorption
o Task: achieve life goals and obtain concern for future
generation
Older adult 65+
o Integrity vs. Despair
o Task: derive meaning from life and sense of self worth
Role of neurotransmitters as related disorders:
Dopamine
Increase:
o Schizophrenia
o Mania
Decrease:
o Parkinson's disease
o Depression
Functions:
o Fine muscle movement
o Integration of emotions and thoughts
, Page 3
o Decision making
o Stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones (sex,
thyroid, adrenal)
Serotonin
Increase:
o Anxiety states
Decrease:
o Depression
Functions:
o Mood
o Sleep regulation
o Hunger
o Pain perception
o Aggression and libido
o Hormonal activity
Norepinephrine
Increase:
o Mania
o Anxiety
o Schizophrenia
Decrease:
o Depression
Functions:
o Mood
o Attention and arousal
o Stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous
system for "fight or flight" in response to stress
GABA
Increase:
o Reduction of anxiety
o Schizophrenia
o Mania
Decrease:
