FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS IN EUROPE
Literatuur- en jurisprudentiesamenvatting
Thomas Dekker
Studiejaar 2020-2021
,Inhoudsopgave
Samenvatting week 1 (admissibility) ................................................................................................................... 4
ECHR - Council of Europe .................................................................................................................................. 4
CoJ - European Union ........................................................................................................................................ 5
ECHR - Admissibillity: ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Art. 34 ECHR: who can apply? ........................................................................................................................... 6
Art. 35 ECHR: Admissibility ................................................................................................................................ 7
ECHR - JURISDICTION ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Samenvatting week 2 (ill-treatment & torture, absolute right) .......................................................................... 9
Art. 3 ECHR: Prohibition of ill-treatment ............................................................................................................. 9
Art. 2 ECHR: Right to life .................................................................................................................................. 11
On the positive and and negative obligations: .................................................................................................. 12
Samenvatting week 3 (Margin of appreciation & proportionality) .................................................................. 13
Margin of appreciation: ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Proportionality ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Samenvatting week 4 (socio-economic rights & discrimination) ............................................................................ 15
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS ........................................................................................................................... 15
NEGATIVE V POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS ..................................................................................................... 15
INDIVISIBILITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS .......................................................................................................... 15
ARTICLE 14 - NON DISCRIMINATION ............................................................................................................ 16
PROTOCOL 12 ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Great Debates on socio-economic rights .......................................................................................................... 17
MSS Belgium v Greece .................................................................................................................................... 18
Samenvatting week 5 (EU fundamentals, superiority) ..................................................................................... 19
Development of Fundamental Rights in EU law................................................................................................ 19
C11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellshaft (1979) ......................................................................................... 19
C-617/10 Åkerberg Fransson ....................................................................................................................... 19
CJEU’s problem with national fundamental rights ............................................................................................. 20
Explicit recognition of individual rights in secondary legislation ........................................................................ 21
Samenvatting week 6 (scope of EU & ECHR rights) ........................................................................................ 22
The scope of EU rights vs ECHR rights ............................................................................................................ 22
WHAT IS SCOPE? ....................................................................................................................................... 22
CHARTER OF THE EU ................................................................................................................................ 22
Arrest: Bosphorus v Ireland .............................................................................................................................. 23
Solution: Bosphorus presumption ................................................................................................................. 23
How to apply the Bosphorus presumption in a concrete case: ..................................................................... 23
Samenvatting week 7 (application of EU-law) .................................................................................................. 24
How to make sure that EU law is applied throughout member states? ............................................................. 24
Arrest: Van Gend en Loos jo. 34 VwEU & Van Duyn ................................................................................... 24
Liability under ECHR for MSs acting on basis of EU law .............................................................................. 24
Bosphorus presumption (Arrest: Bosphorus Airways vs Ireland).................................................................. 24
THOMAS DEKKER 2
,ARRESTEN OVERZICHT ..................................................................................................................................... 26
W1 - Costa / Enel.............................................................................................................................................. 26
W1 - Van Gend en Loos ................................................................................................................................... 26
W1- Al Skeini & Others v the United Kingdom .................................................................................................. 26
W2- ECtHR Gäfgen v Germany ........................................................................................................................ 27
W2- Al Skeini and Others v United Kingdom, 7 juli 2011 .................................................................................. 29
W3- Handyside vs the UK (art. 10; freedom of expression) .............................................................................. 31
W3- Hatton and others v UK (art. 8; private & family life) ................................................................................. 33
W4- MSS Belgium v Greece ............................................................................................................................. 35
W5- C11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellshaft (1979) ..................................................................................... 37
W5- C-617/10 Åkerberg Fransson .................................................................................................................... 38
W6- Arrest: Bosphorus v Ireland ....................................................................................................................... 39
W7- Arrest: A nd S v Staatssecretaris van veiligheid en justitie ........................................................................ 40
W7- Arrest: Minister van Buitenlandse zaken v K and A ................................................................................... 42
THOMAS DEKKER 3
, Samenvatting week 1 (admissibility)
HOW TO FIND CASE LAW:
ECtHR
https://hudoc.echr.coe.int
CJEU
http://curia.europa.eu/juris
ECHR - Council of Europe
Organs
- Committee of ministers
- Parliamentary assembly
- Congress of local & regional authorities
- Commissioner for human rights
- European court of human rights
European court of human rights
The european convention of human rights is the first international complaints procedure,
abstract human rights ideals were transformed into a concrete legal framework.
- enforcement mechanism
- judicial organ
The right of individual petition
The most effective means as an international court can rule over a case previously handled
in national law. Only individuals and not groups.
Sources of Law
- Charter of social rights
- European Convention of human rights (ECHR)
National order
1. monist: direct effect
2. dualist: no direct effect until national implementation
R= Arrest: Al Skeini & Others v the United Kingdom
- Contracting state (party)
- Has effective control on person(s)/territory
C= The convention of European Rights applies to the situation (CoE)
THOMAS DEKKER 4
RIGHTS IN EUROPE
Literatuur- en jurisprudentiesamenvatting
Thomas Dekker
Studiejaar 2020-2021
,Inhoudsopgave
Samenvatting week 1 (admissibility) ................................................................................................................... 4
ECHR - Council of Europe .................................................................................................................................. 4
CoJ - European Union ........................................................................................................................................ 5
ECHR - Admissibillity: ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Art. 34 ECHR: who can apply? ........................................................................................................................... 6
Art. 35 ECHR: Admissibility ................................................................................................................................ 7
ECHR - JURISDICTION ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Samenvatting week 2 (ill-treatment & torture, absolute right) .......................................................................... 9
Art. 3 ECHR: Prohibition of ill-treatment ............................................................................................................. 9
Art. 2 ECHR: Right to life .................................................................................................................................. 11
On the positive and and negative obligations: .................................................................................................. 12
Samenvatting week 3 (Margin of appreciation & proportionality) .................................................................. 13
Margin of appreciation: ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Proportionality ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Samenvatting week 4 (socio-economic rights & discrimination) ............................................................................ 15
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS ........................................................................................................................... 15
NEGATIVE V POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS ..................................................................................................... 15
INDIVISIBILITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS .......................................................................................................... 15
ARTICLE 14 - NON DISCRIMINATION ............................................................................................................ 16
PROTOCOL 12 ............................................................................................................................................ 16
Great Debates on socio-economic rights .......................................................................................................... 17
MSS Belgium v Greece .................................................................................................................................... 18
Samenvatting week 5 (EU fundamentals, superiority) ..................................................................................... 19
Development of Fundamental Rights in EU law................................................................................................ 19
C11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellshaft (1979) ......................................................................................... 19
C-617/10 Åkerberg Fransson ....................................................................................................................... 19
CJEU’s problem with national fundamental rights ............................................................................................. 20
Explicit recognition of individual rights in secondary legislation ........................................................................ 21
Samenvatting week 6 (scope of EU & ECHR rights) ........................................................................................ 22
The scope of EU rights vs ECHR rights ............................................................................................................ 22
WHAT IS SCOPE? ....................................................................................................................................... 22
CHARTER OF THE EU ................................................................................................................................ 22
Arrest: Bosphorus v Ireland .............................................................................................................................. 23
Solution: Bosphorus presumption ................................................................................................................. 23
How to apply the Bosphorus presumption in a concrete case: ..................................................................... 23
Samenvatting week 7 (application of EU-law) .................................................................................................. 24
How to make sure that EU law is applied throughout member states? ............................................................. 24
Arrest: Van Gend en Loos jo. 34 VwEU & Van Duyn ................................................................................... 24
Liability under ECHR for MSs acting on basis of EU law .............................................................................. 24
Bosphorus presumption (Arrest: Bosphorus Airways vs Ireland).................................................................. 24
THOMAS DEKKER 2
,ARRESTEN OVERZICHT ..................................................................................................................................... 26
W1 - Costa / Enel.............................................................................................................................................. 26
W1 - Van Gend en Loos ................................................................................................................................... 26
W1- Al Skeini & Others v the United Kingdom .................................................................................................. 26
W2- ECtHR Gäfgen v Germany ........................................................................................................................ 27
W2- Al Skeini and Others v United Kingdom, 7 juli 2011 .................................................................................. 29
W3- Handyside vs the UK (art. 10; freedom of expression) .............................................................................. 31
W3- Hatton and others v UK (art. 8; private & family life) ................................................................................. 33
W4- MSS Belgium v Greece ............................................................................................................................. 35
W5- C11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellshaft (1979) ..................................................................................... 37
W5- C-617/10 Åkerberg Fransson .................................................................................................................... 38
W6- Arrest: Bosphorus v Ireland ....................................................................................................................... 39
W7- Arrest: A nd S v Staatssecretaris van veiligheid en justitie ........................................................................ 40
W7- Arrest: Minister van Buitenlandse zaken v K and A ................................................................................... 42
THOMAS DEKKER 3
, Samenvatting week 1 (admissibility)
HOW TO FIND CASE LAW:
ECtHR
https://hudoc.echr.coe.int
CJEU
http://curia.europa.eu/juris
ECHR - Council of Europe
Organs
- Committee of ministers
- Parliamentary assembly
- Congress of local & regional authorities
- Commissioner for human rights
- European court of human rights
European court of human rights
The european convention of human rights is the first international complaints procedure,
abstract human rights ideals were transformed into a concrete legal framework.
- enforcement mechanism
- judicial organ
The right of individual petition
The most effective means as an international court can rule over a case previously handled
in national law. Only individuals and not groups.
Sources of Law
- Charter of social rights
- European Convention of human rights (ECHR)
National order
1. monist: direct effect
2. dualist: no direct effect until national implementation
R= Arrest: Al Skeini & Others v the United Kingdom
- Contracting state (party)
- Has effective control on person(s)/territory
C= The convention of European Rights applies to the situation (CoE)
THOMAS DEKKER 4
