Yanick Nobrun Jean
Pharmacology
500 Saunders questions
1 of 5
2. The nurse tells a client with leukemia who is receiving chemotherapy that allopurinol
has been added to the medication list. When the client asks the purpose of the new
medication, the nurse responds that the allopurinol is intended to prevent which
problem?
Hyperuricemia
R: Chemotherapy destroys cells, leading to the release of uric acid into the bloodstream.
The client is then at risk of experiencing uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute
kidney injury. Allopurinol, an antigout medication, is used with chemotherapy to prevent
or treat this complication of therapy.
4. The client with a head injury is experiencing signs of increased intracranial pressure
(ICP), and mannitol is prescribed. The nurse administering this medication expects
which as intended effects of this medication? Select all that apply.
Reduced ICP
2. Increased diuresis
3. Increased osmotic pressure of
glomerular filtrate
4. Reduced tubular reabsorption of
water and solutes
R: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that induces diuresis by raising the osmotic pressure of
glomerular filtrate, thereby inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and solutes. It is
used to reduce intracranial pressure in the client with head trauma
6. A hospitalized client with a history of angina pectoris complains of substernal chest
pain. The nurse checks the client's blood pressure and administers nitroglycerin, gr 1/4
sublingually. Five minutes later, the client is still experiencing chest pain. If the blood
pressure remains stable, the nurse should take which action next?
A: Administer another nitroglycerin tablet
R: Nitroglycerin tablets are usually prescribed 1 every 5 minutes PRN (as needed) for
chest pain for the hospitalized client, up to a total dose of 3 tablets. The nurse should
administer the second tablet.
,Yanick Nobrun Jean
Pharmacology
500 Saunders questions
9. The nurse is assigned to care for a client with multiple sclerosis who is receiving an intravenous dose
of methocarbamol. The nurse monitors the client knowing that which is an expected side effect?
Dark green–colored urine
A: Methocarbamol is a skeletal muscle relaxant. It may cause the urine to turn a brown, black, or dark
green color, and the client needs to be told that this is a harmless effect. This medication can cause
hypotension. Drowsiness and dizziness can also occur.
11) A client is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, and ferrous sulfate is prescribed. The nurse should
tell the client that it would be best to take the medication with which food
Tomato juice
R: Ferrous sulfate is an iron preparation, and the client is instructed to take the medication with orange
juice or another vitamin C–containing product or a product high in ascorbic acid to increase the
absorption of the iron. Among the options presented, tomato juice is highest in vitamin C and ascorbic
acid.
12) The nurse determines that the client needs further instruction about prescribed thyroid
replacement medication if which statement is made?
I should expect full therapeutic effect from the medication within 3 to 5 days."
R: The client should be taught that it may take up to 3 to 4 weeks to see the full therapeutic effects of
thyroid medications, so expecting a full therapeutic effect in 3 to 5 days indicates a need for additional
teaching. The medication should be taken in the morning to prevent insomnia at night and on an empty
stomach.
16) A client is being treated for moderate hypertension and has been taking diltiazem for several
months. The client schedules an appointment with the health care provider because of episodes of chest
pain, and Prinzmetal's angina is diagnosed. The client asks the nurse which therapeutic effects the
medication will provide and the nurse provides education. Which statement by the client indicates that
the teaching has been effective?
"It prevents an influx of calcium ions in the smooth muscle
R: Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits calcium influx through the slow channels of the
membrane of smooth muscle cells. These medications decrease myocardial oxygen demands and block
calcium channels, thereby decreasing the force of contraction of the ventricular tissue.
18. The nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The health care provider prescribes an oral hypoglycemic for the client. Which oral
hypoglycemic medication prescribed for this client should the nurse question
, Yanick Nobrun Jean
Pharmacology
500 Saunders questions
Pioglitazone
An adverse effect of pioglitazone is heart failure secondary to renal retention of fluid. For most clients,
fluid retention is not clinically significant. However, for clients with heart failure, especially severe or
uncompensated heart failure, increased fluid retention can make heart failure worse.
19) The nurse should educate the client receiving pravastatin to immediately report which finding
Muscle pain
R: Pravastatin is used to treat hyperlipidemia. Muscle pain could indicate rhabdomyolysis, a serious
complication of this medication. It must be reported immediately
24. A client with psoriasis is being treated with calcipotriene cream. Administration of high doses of this
medication can cause which side or adverse effect?
Hypercalcemia
R: Calcipotriene, an analogue of vitamin D3, is indicated for mild to moderate psoriasis. Responses are
equal to those achieved with medium-potency topical glucocorticoids
27) A hydrocolloid dressing is prescribed for a client with a leg ulcer. The home health nurse is preparing
a plan of care for the client and should appropriately document which intervention?
Change the hydrocolloid dressing every 3 to 5 days.
R: A hydrocolloid dressing contains hydroactive particles embedded in a polymer base that are softened
by wound moisture and act as a protective gel over healing tissue. It is applied directly to the wound and
should be changed every 3 to 5 days (or more frequently if drainage from the wound is excessive).
29. The nurse is caring for a client who suddenly starts complaining of palpitations, restlessness, and
anxiety. The nurse obtains a stat electrocardiogram (ECG) which shows this rhythm. Refer to figure. The
nurse should perform which actions, in anticipation of appropriate medication therapy with
amiodarone? (Figure from Ignatavicius, Workman, 2016).
Obtain an infusion pump and prepare to administer 150 mg over 10 minutes followed by a maintenance
dose.
R: The dysrhythmia shown in the figure is atrial fibrillation with a rapid and irregular ventricular rate. This
dysrhythmia is left threatening due to the risk for clot formation and inadequate cardiac output.
Amiodarone is a class III antidysrhythmic medication that is highly effective against both atrial and
ventricular dysrhythmias
Pharmacology
500 Saunders questions
1 of 5
2. The nurse tells a client with leukemia who is receiving chemotherapy that allopurinol
has been added to the medication list. When the client asks the purpose of the new
medication, the nurse responds that the allopurinol is intended to prevent which
problem?
Hyperuricemia
R: Chemotherapy destroys cells, leading to the release of uric acid into the bloodstream.
The client is then at risk of experiencing uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute
kidney injury. Allopurinol, an antigout medication, is used with chemotherapy to prevent
or treat this complication of therapy.
4. The client with a head injury is experiencing signs of increased intracranial pressure
(ICP), and mannitol is prescribed. The nurse administering this medication expects
which as intended effects of this medication? Select all that apply.
Reduced ICP
2. Increased diuresis
3. Increased osmotic pressure of
glomerular filtrate
4. Reduced tubular reabsorption of
water and solutes
R: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that induces diuresis by raising the osmotic pressure of
glomerular filtrate, thereby inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and solutes. It is
used to reduce intracranial pressure in the client with head trauma
6. A hospitalized client with a history of angina pectoris complains of substernal chest
pain. The nurse checks the client's blood pressure and administers nitroglycerin, gr 1/4
sublingually. Five minutes later, the client is still experiencing chest pain. If the blood
pressure remains stable, the nurse should take which action next?
A: Administer another nitroglycerin tablet
R: Nitroglycerin tablets are usually prescribed 1 every 5 minutes PRN (as needed) for
chest pain for the hospitalized client, up to a total dose of 3 tablets. The nurse should
administer the second tablet.
,Yanick Nobrun Jean
Pharmacology
500 Saunders questions
9. The nurse is assigned to care for a client with multiple sclerosis who is receiving an intravenous dose
of methocarbamol. The nurse monitors the client knowing that which is an expected side effect?
Dark green–colored urine
A: Methocarbamol is a skeletal muscle relaxant. It may cause the urine to turn a brown, black, or dark
green color, and the client needs to be told that this is a harmless effect. This medication can cause
hypotension. Drowsiness and dizziness can also occur.
11) A client is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, and ferrous sulfate is prescribed. The nurse should
tell the client that it would be best to take the medication with which food
Tomato juice
R: Ferrous sulfate is an iron preparation, and the client is instructed to take the medication with orange
juice or another vitamin C–containing product or a product high in ascorbic acid to increase the
absorption of the iron. Among the options presented, tomato juice is highest in vitamin C and ascorbic
acid.
12) The nurse determines that the client needs further instruction about prescribed thyroid
replacement medication if which statement is made?
I should expect full therapeutic effect from the medication within 3 to 5 days."
R: The client should be taught that it may take up to 3 to 4 weeks to see the full therapeutic effects of
thyroid medications, so expecting a full therapeutic effect in 3 to 5 days indicates a need for additional
teaching. The medication should be taken in the morning to prevent insomnia at night and on an empty
stomach.
16) A client is being treated for moderate hypertension and has been taking diltiazem for several
months. The client schedules an appointment with the health care provider because of episodes of chest
pain, and Prinzmetal's angina is diagnosed. The client asks the nurse which therapeutic effects the
medication will provide and the nurse provides education. Which statement by the client indicates that
the teaching has been effective?
"It prevents an influx of calcium ions in the smooth muscle
R: Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits calcium influx through the slow channels of the
membrane of smooth muscle cells. These medications decrease myocardial oxygen demands and block
calcium channels, thereby decreasing the force of contraction of the ventricular tissue.
18. The nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The health care provider prescribes an oral hypoglycemic for the client. Which oral
hypoglycemic medication prescribed for this client should the nurse question
, Yanick Nobrun Jean
Pharmacology
500 Saunders questions
Pioglitazone
An adverse effect of pioglitazone is heart failure secondary to renal retention of fluid. For most clients,
fluid retention is not clinically significant. However, for clients with heart failure, especially severe or
uncompensated heart failure, increased fluid retention can make heart failure worse.
19) The nurse should educate the client receiving pravastatin to immediately report which finding
Muscle pain
R: Pravastatin is used to treat hyperlipidemia. Muscle pain could indicate rhabdomyolysis, a serious
complication of this medication. It must be reported immediately
24. A client with psoriasis is being treated with calcipotriene cream. Administration of high doses of this
medication can cause which side or adverse effect?
Hypercalcemia
R: Calcipotriene, an analogue of vitamin D3, is indicated for mild to moderate psoriasis. Responses are
equal to those achieved with medium-potency topical glucocorticoids
27) A hydrocolloid dressing is prescribed for a client with a leg ulcer. The home health nurse is preparing
a plan of care for the client and should appropriately document which intervention?
Change the hydrocolloid dressing every 3 to 5 days.
R: A hydrocolloid dressing contains hydroactive particles embedded in a polymer base that are softened
by wound moisture and act as a protective gel over healing tissue. It is applied directly to the wound and
should be changed every 3 to 5 days (or more frequently if drainage from the wound is excessive).
29. The nurse is caring for a client who suddenly starts complaining of palpitations, restlessness, and
anxiety. The nurse obtains a stat electrocardiogram (ECG) which shows this rhythm. Refer to figure. The
nurse should perform which actions, in anticipation of appropriate medication therapy with
amiodarone? (Figure from Ignatavicius, Workman, 2016).
Obtain an infusion pump and prepare to administer 150 mg over 10 minutes followed by a maintenance
dose.
R: The dysrhythmia shown in the figure is atrial fibrillation with a rapid and irregular ventricular rate. This
dysrhythmia is left threatening due to the risk for clot formation and inadequate cardiac output.
Amiodarone is a class III antidysrhythmic medication that is highly effective against both atrial and
ventricular dysrhythmias
