Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR KIMMEL AND ARONSON SOCIOLOGY NOW The

Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR KIMMEL AND ARONSON SOCIOLOGY NOW The Multiple Choice 1) Sociology is best described as A) The study of personalities B) The study of human behavior in society C) The study of human genetics D) The study of common sense Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Knowledge 2) Which sociologist wrote of theȱȈsociological imaginationȈ? A) C. Wright Mills B) Karl Marx C) Alexis de Tocqueville D) Auguste Comte Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4 Skill: Knowledge 3) What does theȱȈsociological imaginationȈȱclassify our lives as? A) Conflicted lives B) Contrasting lives C) Contextual lives D) Convoluted lives Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4-5 Skill: Comprehension 4) What type of science is sociology? A) Physical B) Hard C) Soft D) Social Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 Skill: Knowledge 5) Sociology uses which of the following as part of its scientific approach to interpret social behavior? A) Bias B) Systematic observations C) Simple common sense D) Preconceptions Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9 Skill: Comprehension 6) What was an outcome of theȱȈEnlightenmentȈ? A) Use of reason to understand the relationship of the individual and society. B) Use of faith alone to understand the relationship of the individual and society. C) A rejection of the rationalist approach. D) An embrace of the divine authority of the monarchy. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12 Skill: Analysis 1 7) Which of the following, according to John Locke, plays an essential role in people joining together in a society? A) Psychological agreements B) Social contracts C) Socio-cultural bargains D) Physiological contracts Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12 Skill: Knowledge 8) Which two themes came together in the work of Thomas Jefferson? A) Individual liberty and that society removes freedom B) Social liberty and that individuals do not need freedom C) Individual liberty and that society enhanced freedom D) Social freedoms and that the individual does not enhance liberty Answer: C Diff: 4 Page Ref: 12 Skill: Synthesis 9) Who first coined the term sociology? A) Auguste Comte B) Karl Marx C) Emile Durkheim D) Max Weber Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Skill: Knowledge 10) Which definition does the text use to describe modernism? A) The belief in evolutionary progress, through the application of religion B) The belief in de-evolution and the scientific method to explain the Divine C) The belief in evolutionary progress, through the application of science D) The belief in de-evolution and the use of science to explain the social world Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Skill: Knowledge 11) Which of the following is NOT one of the stages that Comte believed each society passes through? A) Metaphysical B) Metempsychosis C) Religious D) Scientific Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 13 Skill: Knowledge 12) Alexis de Tocqueville wrote aboutȱȱwhat in America? A) Democracy B) Socialism C) Communism D) Fascism Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Skill: Comprehension 2 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS 13) Which is a central component of Karl Marxȇs theoretical framework? A) Social engineering B) Democracy C) Corporate economy D) Capitalism Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Skill: Comprehension 14) Marx believes that the best economic system is one that has collective ownership of all property.ȱȱWhich economic system best fits what Marx supports? A) Socialism B) Communism C) Capitalism D) Mixed economy Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15 Skill: Application 15) Which term in Marxȇs theory would be applied to the working class? A) Bourgeoisie B) Petite Bourgeoisie C) Proletariat D) Lumpenproletariat Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15 Skill: Application 16) What central insight was illustrated in Emile Durkheimȇs study of suicide? A) Society is held together byȱȈsolidarityȈ. B) Society is held together by loose social contracts. C) Society is held together by social stratification. D) Society is held together by canonical decree. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16-17 Skill: Comprehension 17) According to Durkheim which form of solidarity shares a common culture and sense of morality? A) Mechanical B) Organic C) Communal D) Natural Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: Knowledge 18) According to Durkheim which form of solidarity exists when people are interdependent, share less obvious common values, have diverse and conflicting interests, and a more complex division of labor? A) Mechanical B) Communal C) Organic D) Natural Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: Knowledge 3 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? 19) Which book is considered to be Max Weberȇs most famous work? A) The Catholic Ethic and the Spirit of Liberation Theology B) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism C) The Protestant Spirit and the Ethics of Communism D) The Catholic Spirit and the Ethics of Capitalism Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: Knowledge 20) Which best describes the conceptȱȈsocial telesisȈ? A) Those who ruled deserved to do so because they hadȱȈadaptedȈȱbest to social conditions. B) Those who ruled deserved to do so because they were biologically superior. C) Those who ruled did not deserve to do so because they were not properlyȱȈadaptedȈȱto social conditions. D) Those who ruled did not deserve to do so because they were biologically superior Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19 Skill: Knowledge 21) Which is true about the classical canon of sociology according to your text? A) It consists of primarily of white women. B) It consists entirely of white men. C) It consists of an ethnically diverse group. D) It consists of mostly lower socio-economic status theorists. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 20 Skill: Evaluation 22) Which best describes symbolic interactionism? A) An individualȇs interactions with his or her environment help a person develop a sense ofȱȈselfȈ. B) An individualȇs interactions create social cohesion, stability, and equilibrium for society. C) An individual is integrated into various levels of the social world via inequity. D) An individual is integrated into the social world through shared values and traditions alone. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Comprehension 23) Which theorist used aȱȈdramaturgical modelȈ? A) Robert K. Merton B) W.E.B. DuBois C) George Ritzer D) Erving Goffman Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Knowledge 4 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS 24) Jane believes that social life consists of several distinct integrated levels that enable the world to find stability, order, and meaning.ȱȱJaneȇs belief is an example of which theory? A) Structural Functionalism B) Symbolic Interactionism C) Multicultural Feminism D) Marxism Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Application 25) A coherent model of how society works and how individuals are socialized into their roles within it is called? A) A structure B) A paradigm C) An institution D) A social play Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Knowledge 26) Which sociological theorist was a central figure of structural-functionalist analysis? A) Erving Goffman B) Lester Ward C) George Ritzer D) Talcott Parsons Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Knowledge 27) What ,according to Robert K. Merton, can the functions of any institution or interaction be? A) Either manifest or latent B) Either multiple or singular C) Both concrete and abstract D) Neither manifest nor latent Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 24 Skill: Knowledge 28) Which theory suggests that the dynamics of society, both of social order and social resistance, were the result of conflict among different groups? A) Functionalist theory B) Symbolic Interactionist theory C) Conflict theory D) Dramaturgy Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25 Skill: Comprehension 29) Globalization focuses on which level analysis when examining institutional processes? A) Microlevel analysis B) Macrolevel analysis C) Mesolevel analysis D) Multilevel analysis Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 26 Skill: Comprehension 5 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? 30) Which best describes multiculturalism? A) The understanding of the dominant culture B) The understanding of the minority or subculture C) The understanding of many different cultures D) The understanding of counterculture movements Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Skill: Knowledge 31) What is the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations known as? A) Universalism B) Globalization C) Relativism D) Particularism Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Skill: Knowledge 32) George Ritzer coined what term for the increasing homogenity around the world? A) McDonaldization B) Burger King Mentality C) Fast Food Nation D) The Big Bell Grande Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 29 Skill: Knowledge 33) Which political scientist stated that our world is characterized by bothȱȈMcWorldȈȱandȱȈJihadȈ? A) George Ritzer B) Thomas Friedman C) Harvey Molotch D) Benjamin Barber Answer: D Diff: 4 Page Ref: 29 Skill: Comprehension 34) What is the suggestion that postmodernism makes about the world we live in? A) The meaning of social life may not be found in the rejection of rigid patterns of development but rather in adherence to the older traditions, beliefs, and practices that existed before the modern world. B) The meaning of social life can be found only in the rigid social construction of scientific dogma that provides a narrow view of human life and interaction based on the evolutionary model. C) The meaning of social life may not be found in conforming to rigid patterns of development but rather in the creative assembling of interactions and interpretations that enable us to negotiate our world. D) The meaning of social life may be found in the lived experience that exists within a paradigm shaped by something greater than ourselves, with absolutes that do not cage but set one free. Answer: C Diff: 4 Page Ref: 31 Skill: Synthesis 6 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS 35) The percentages of nonwhites and non-males within the field of sociology over the last 50 years has seen what change? A) A decrease B) An increase C) No change D) A dramatic increase before 1965 and a recent decline since 1995 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Skill: Evaluation 1.2 Fill in the Blank 1) Sociology is the study of human behavior inȱȱ________. A) Society B) Sociometry C) Social work D) Socialism Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Knowledge 2) ________ȱȱis the belief in evolutionary progress, through the application of science. A) Modernism B) Pre-modernism C) Post-enlightenism D) Modualism Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Skill: Knowledge 3) ________ȱȱcoined the term sociology. A) Emile Durkheim B) Alexis de Tocqueville C) Auguste Comte D) Karl Marx Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Skill: Knowledge 4) Tocqueville discussed the United States as the embodiment of ________. A) Democracy B) Communism C) Socialism D) Capitalism Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 14 Skill: Comprehension 5) ________ȱȱeconomic system was Karl Marxȇs central interest. A) A Secularist B) A Capitalist C) A Communist D) An Egalitarian Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Skill: Comprehension 7 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? 6) Marx and Engels wrote ________. A) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism B) Democracy in America C) The Communist Manifesto D) Suicide Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15 Skill: Knowledge 7) Too ________ regulation in society according to Durkheim leads toȱȈanomicȈȱsuicide. A) Much B) Little C) Varied D) None of the above Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 Skill: Comprehension 8) Durkheim argued that society is held together by ________. A) Solidarity B) Supernatural being C) Solitary D) Souls Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: Knowledge 9) Durkheimȇs two forms of solidarity are ________ȱȱand ________. A) Organic; Instrumental B) Mechanical; Solus C) Mechanical;ȱȱOrganic D) Organic; Chemical Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17 Skill: Knowledge 10) Weberȇs most famous work is The ________ Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. A) Protestant B) Jewish C) Catholic D) Islamic Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17 Skill: Comprehension 11) Weber added the concepts ofȱȈstatusȈȱand ________ to class. A) ȈPositionȈ B) ȈPopulismȈ C) ȈPartyȈ D) ȈPuritanȈ Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 Skill: Knowledge 12) Simmel believed the special task of sociology was to study the ________ of social interaction apart from their content. A) Forms B) Proto-types C) Shades D) Filters Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18 Skill: Comprehension 8 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS 13) ________ is a personȇs notion of the common values, norms, and expectations of other people in a society. A) The personalized other B) The generalized other C) The nonspecific other D) The myopic other Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 20 Skill: Knowledge 14) ________ wrote the book Woman in the Nineteenth Century. A) Mary Wollstonecraft B) Mary Shelley C) Jane Adams D) Margaret Fuller Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 21 Skill: Knowledge 15) ________ examines how an individualȇs interactions with his or her environment--other people, institutions, ideas--help a person develop a sense ofȱȈselfȈ. A) Functionalism B) Conflict C) Feminism D) Symbolic Interactionism Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Knowledge 16) ________ functions are overt and obvious. A) Manifest B) Latent C) Hidden D) Multiple Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24 Skill: Knowledge 17) ________ functions are hidden and unintended. A) Manifest B) Latent C) Covert D) Multiple Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 24 Skill: Knowledge 18) The United States, according to a conflict theorist, is a society based on structural ________. A) Equality B) Equity C) Inequality D) Incongruence Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25 Skill: Application 19) Nations that are interconnected through economic, political, cultural and social means bringing together different groups of people all over the world are an example of ________. A) Universalism B) Populism C) Globalization D) Pluralism Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 26 Skill: Application 9 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? 20) The understanding of many different cultures is ________. A) Polyculturalism B) Monoculturalism C) Multiculturalism D) Semiculturalism Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Skill: Knowledge 21) Timȇs research related to globalization focuses on ________ level analysis. A) Macro B) Micro C) Mono D) Meso Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 26 Skill: Application 22) George Ritzer terms the increasing homogeneity around the world as ________. A) McDonaldization B) The Big Bell C) Have it Your Way Syndrome D) Conform-a-Filet Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 29 Skill: Analysis 23) Benjamin Barber characterized our world as bothȱȈMcWorldȈȱand ________. A) ȈCrusadeȈ B) ȈJihadȈ C) ȈArmageddonȈ D) ȈApocalypseȈ Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 29 Skill: Comprehension 24) ________ suggests that the meaning of social life may not be found in conforming to rigid patterns of development but rather in the creative assembling of interactions and interpretations that enable us to negotiate our way in the world. A) Premodernism B) Modernity C) Meso-modernism D) Postmodernism Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Skill: Knowledge 25) Sociology remains a deeply ________ enterprise when approaching how to improve the world. A) ȈModernȈ B) ȈMedievalȈ C) ȈPre-modernȈ D) ȈMeso-modernȈ Answer: A Diff: 4 Page Ref: 31 Skill: Comprehension 1.3 True and False 1) Sociologists tend to see the world around them as anȱȈeither/orȈȱnot as aȱȈboth/andȈ. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Comprehension 10 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS 2) Sociology is a social science. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 Skill: Knowledge 3) Sociology simply makes a science out of common sense. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10 Skill: Knowledge 4) Comte believed sociology was a sort ofȱȈsecular religionȈ, a religion of humanity. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14 Skill: Comprehension 5) According to Durkheim suicide is not an individual act. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Skill: Comprehension 6) The classical canon of sociology consists entirely of white females. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20 Skill: Comprehension 7) W.E.B. Dubois argued thatȱȈthe problem of the twentieth century was the problem of the color lineȈ. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 21 Skill: Knowledge 8) Mertonȇs theory holds that functions of an institution or interaction can be eitherȱȈmanifestȈȱor ȈlatentȈ. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 Skill: Knowledge 9) In the conflict perspective the United States would be seen as a society based on structural equality. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25 Skill: Application 10) Globalization is noncontroversial because it has helped to eliminate the class disparity that exists in the world. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 28 Skill: Analysis 11 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY? 1.4 Short Answer 1) What type of science is sociology and what does sociology study? Answer: Sociology is a social science that studies human behavior in society. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4-5 Skill: Knowledge 2) What is modernism? Answer: Modernism is the belief in evolutionary progress, through the application of science. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13 Skill: Knowledge 3) According to Emile Durkheimȇs work what are the types of suicide? Answer: There are four forms of suicide: egoistic, anomic, fatalistic, altruistic. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16 Skill: Knowledge 4) According to Max Weber what doesȱȈpartyȈȱrefer to? Answer: ȈPartyȈȱrefers to the voluntary organizations that people enter together to make their voices heard collectively because individually they would not be able to affect real change. (political power) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 18 Skill: Knowledge 5) What is theȱȈgeneralized otherȈ? Answer: TheȱȈgeneralized otherȈȱis a personȇs notion of the common values, norms, and expectations of other people in a society. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20 Skill: Knowledge 6) What is the paradigm that functionalism offers? Answer: The paradigm offered is a coherent model of how society works and how individuals are socialized into their roles within it. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 23 Skill: Knowledge 7) What are manifest functions and latent functions? Answer: Manifest functions are overt and obvious, the intended functions; while latent functions are hidden, unintended, but nonetheless important. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24 Skill: Knowledge 8) What does conflict theory suggest? Answer: Conflict theory suggests that the dynamics of society, both of social order and social resistance, are the result of conflict between different groups. Diff: 4 Page Ref: 25 Skill: Comprehension 12 TEST BANK FOR SOCIOLOGY NOW: THE ESSENTIALS 9) What level of analysisȱȱis stressed in the application of multiculturalism? Answer: Multiculturalism stresses both the macrolevel analysis of unequal distribution of rewards based on class, race, region, gender and the microlevel analysis that focuses on the ways different groups of people and even individuals construct their identities based on their memberships in those groups. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 26 Skill: Application 10) What does postmodernism suggest about the meaning of social life? Answer: Postmodernism suggests that the meaning of social life may not be found in conforming to rigid patterns of development but rather in the creative assembling of interactions and interpretations that enable us to negotiate our way in the world. Diff: 4 Page Ref: 31 Skill: Comprehension 1.5 Essay 1) During the 19th century after various revolutions--political, social and economic--had taken place there was an emergence of chief sociological themes.ȱȱPlease describe these themes and what questions they raised. Answer: The chief sociological themes were: the nature of community, nature of government, the nature of the economy, the meaning of individualism, the rise of secularism, and the nature and direction of change.ȱȱThe nature of community sought to understand what it means to live in a society;ȱȱthe rights and obligations that we have to each other.ȱȱThe nature of government discussed who should have power in a society.ȱȱShould power reside in a king who rules by divine right or by the people?ȱȱThe nature of the economy discussed how economic distribution should be dealt with.ȱȱIt also raised the question of what economic system society should have.ȱȱThe meaning of individualism dealt with the rights an individual has toward himself/herself and toward others as well as how society balances individual rights.ȱȱThe rise of secularism dealt with the increase in scientific thought that sought to define the world solely through rationality versus ideas that had previously sought to understand the world with God as well. The nature and direction of change related to where we were heading as a world. With a great amount of social change, it was not clear if it was good or bad. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12-13 Skill: Comprehension 2) In Karl Marxȇs central work, Capital, what is the central insight Marx offers?ȱȱPlease describe the theory of how capitalism works as a system in relation to Marxȇs insight. Answer: The central insight was that the exchange of money and services between capital (those who own the means of production) and labor (those who sell theirȱȈlabor powerȈȱto capitalists for wages) is unequal.ȱȱWorkers must work longer than necessary to pay for the costs of their upkeep, producing what Marx calledȱȈsurplus valueȈ.ȱȱDue to competition, capitalists must try to increase the rate of surplus value. Capitalists do this when human labor becomes replaced by machines, lowering wages, until workers cannot afford the goods they are helping to create,