Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histon
would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thu
observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involve
dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, mos
DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is ass
respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that i
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane
bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the ou
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellula
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells
which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroye
case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signal
local chemical mediator like insulin.
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the react
not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete as
happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated
Digestion does not produce any ATP.
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the nurse inc
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
ANS: A
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catabolism.
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitat
performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of the ci
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the
Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histon
would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thu
observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing
absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involve
dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, mos
DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is ass
respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that i
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane
bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the ou
Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellula
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells
which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroye
case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signal
local chemical mediator like insulin.
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of the react
not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete as
happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are involved in
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is generated
Digestion does not produce any ATP.
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the nurse inc
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
ANS: A
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catabolism.
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitat
performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part of the ci
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the
