PYC1501 EXAM PACK (LATEST)

PYC1501 EXAM PACK (LATEST). PYC1501 (RPY1501) EXAM PREPARATION – Assignments and Exams This document is an easy to read compilation of past UNISA Assignment and Exam Questions and Answers Answers are motivated by a combination of: • Page references to the prescribed textbook • Short summaries and/or content regarding the relevant topic(s) in question. (Incorrect options are also marked where applicable, in order to identify and disregard red-herring alternatives) Assignments covered are: • Assignment 01 for Semester 1 2015 • Assignment 02 for Semester 1 2015 • Assignment 01 for Semester 2 2015 • Assignment 02 for Semester 2 2015 • Assignment 01 for Semester 1 2016 • Assignment 02 for Semester 1 2016 • Assignment 01 for Semester 2 2016 • Assignment 02 for Semester 2 2016 • Assignment 01 for Semester 1 2018 • Assignment 02 for Semester 1 2018 • Assignment 01 for Semester 2 2018 • Assignment 02 for Semester 2 2018 • Assignment 92 (Self-test) Exams covered are: • May-June 2011 • October-November 2011 • May-June 2012 • October-November 2012 • May-June 2013 • October-November 2013 • May-June 2014 • October-November 2014 • May-June 2015 • October-November 2015 • May-June 2016 • October-November 2016 • May-June 2017 • October-November 2017 Please note: This document is an additional tool for exam preparation. The Stuvia-user that compiled and uploaded this document takes no responsibility for incorrect answers. Students must ensure that they study the prescribed material and understand the content. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: lizellecoetzee | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 2 PYC1501 – Basic Psychology Semester 1 - 2015: Assignment 01 (Unique number ) Question 1 The tutor for the first-year psychology group is dealing with the topic of impulse conduction in the human nervous system. After the group discussion, the tutor asks the students the following questions to test their knowledge of the study material. The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information signals from other neurons is called ___. 1. Myelin sheath 2. boutons 3. dendrites 4. soma Answer: The correct answer is 3 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 88 Reasoning: The soma receives messages from other neurons through its dendrites. Question 2 The part of the neuron that facilitates synaptic transmission of a signal to another neuron is called ___. 1. dendrites 2. boutons 3. axon 4. myelin sheath Answer: The correct answer is 2 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 90 Reasoning: The bouton vesicles of the telondendron release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Question 3 The electrical charge resulting from the difference between the positive and negative ions outside and inside the cell membrane is called ___. 1. the action potential 2. a threshold 3. the resting membrane potential 4. the refractory period Answer: The correct answer is 3 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 67 Reasoning: The resting membrane potential is an electrical charge brought about by the difference between the positive and negative ions inside and outside the neuron. This is also called a condition of readiness. Question 4 S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: lizellecoetzee | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 3 PYC1501 – Basic Psychology Which of the following statement(s) about the neuron, based on the diagram is (are) correct? 1. In accordance with all-or-nothing-law, neurons A, B, C and D will conduct an impulse at exactly the same speed, or not at all 2. In comparison with neurons A, C and D, neuron B can conduct impulses at the highest speed and amplitude 3. In comparison with neurons A, B and C, neuron D will conduct impulses at the highest frequency 4. 1 and 3 Answer: The correct answer is 2 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 70 Reasoning: Although the strength and speed of an impulse is constant in a particular neuron, it can vary with nerve fibres of different thickness. The larger the nerve fibre (the greater the diameter or width), the stronger the impulse and the faster it is conducted. Question 5 In the myelinated neuron, the myelin sheaths are separated by a small gap called (an) ___ that facilitates the neural impulse to jump from one point to another. 1. threshold 2. axon 3. synaptic cleft 4. nodes of Ranvier Answer: The correct answer is 4 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 89 Reasoning: The gaps (approximately 1 micrometer wide) formed between myelin sheath cells along the axons are called Nodes of Ranvier. Since fat serves as a good insulator, the myelin sheaths speed the rate of transmission of an electrical impulse along the axon. Question 6 Low serotonin levels are associated with ___ just as dopamine deficiency is associated with Parkinson’s disease. 1. seasonal depression 2. muscle spasm 3. suppression of pain S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: lizellecoetzee | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 4 PYC1501 – Basic Psychology 4. mania Answer: The correct answer is 1 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 75 Reasoning: Insufficiency of dopamine in the brain contributes to Parkinson’s disease; Low serotonin levels is associated with seasonal depression. Question 7 Some students in your group are still confused and request the tutor to provide a different kind of presentation of the nervous system that would make matters clearer. You think that the information can best be represented in ___. A. a flow chart, showing how the different structures are related B. a flow chart, illustrating the process of how the brain works C. an expandable tree structure, indicating the hierarchical nature of the nervous system D. an expandable tree structure, because different branches can be expanded when more detail is required E. a flow chart, because detailed information can be presented at the outset F. an expandable tree structure, because complex information cannot be represented in a flow chart 1. A, B and C 2. C, D and F 3. A and E 4. C and D Answer: The correct answer is 4 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 118 Reasoning: Note that option 1 is incorrect by default – as A and B refers to a flow chart while C refers to an expandable tree structure. A flowchart is used when the aim is to represent or model complicated situations, especially when one wants to represent more than one view of a situation. Therefore, statement F is factually false and eliminated, thus eliminating option 2. Option 3 is eliminated; while a flow chart can present detailed information – this is not presented at the outset. Question 8 Which of the following illustrates the correct sequence of events in the process of synaptic transmission? 1. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft, vesicles attach to presynaptic membrane 2. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, transmitter deactivated by boutons, electrical changes in receiving cell 3. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, vesicles attach to membrane, neurotransmitters released and attach to receptors on postsynaptic membrane 4. Nerve impulse stimulates boutons, neurotransmitters attach to receptors, neurotransmitters cross synaptic cleft S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: lizellecoetzee | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 5 PYC1501 – Basic Psychology Answer: The correct answer is 3 Refer: Tutorial Letter 201/1/2018 Reasoning: This is another question that requires an understanding of the impulse transmission. Option 3 provides the correct sequence of events in the process of synaptic transmission of an impulse. Option 1 is incorrect because the vesicles attach to the pre-synaptic membrane before the neurotransmitters are released and diffuse across the synaptic cleft. If a neurotransmitter is deactivated by the boutons, there will be no electrical change in the receiving neuron and therefore option 2 is incorrect. Option 4 is also incorrect because neurotransmitters have to cross the synaptic cleft first before they can attach to the receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Question 9 The function of this lobe allows you to recognise elements of an object in the visual field and integrate them into a meaningful whole. 1. Frontal lobe 2. Temporal lobe 3. Parietal lobe 4. Occipital lobe Answer: The correct answer is 4 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pp. 79-80 Reasoning: The frontal lobe (option 1) is responsible for motor movement, including the production of speech. This option is therefore eliminated. The temporal lobe (option 2) is responsible for the perception of sound and to understand spoken words. This option is therefore eliminated. The parietal lobe (option 3) is responsible for somatosensory perception, i.e. touch, temperature, pressure and pain. This option is therefore eliminated. The occipital lobe (option 4) is responsible for the perception of vision. This is the correct option. Question 10 The tutor asks the students on the group site what determines whether a neurotransmitter will have an inhibitory or excitatory effect on the synaptic process. One student answers that it depends on the nature of the neurotransmitter. This statement ___. 1. does not provide the correct answer because it is too vague 2. is correct because the effect depends on the quantity of the neurotransmitter in relation to the enzyme that destroys it. 3. is partially correct, because other factors also play a role 4. is incorrect because the effect depends on the ratio of inhibitory to excitatory neurotransmitters in a specific synapse Answer: The correct answer is 3 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pp. 73-74 Reasoning: Whether a neurotransmitter has an excitatory or inhibitory effect depends on: • the nature of the neurotransmitter • the place where it acts S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: lizellecoetzee | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 6 PYC1501 – Basic Psychology • the quantity of the neurotransmitter in relation to the enzyme that destroys it • the amount of inhibitory neurotransmitters in relation to the amount of excitatory neurotransmitters at a particular synapse. Question 11 The main function of this structure is to distribute motor fibres to the muscles and to convey somatosensory information to the brain. It can work independently of the brain as a result of reflexive control circuits. This is a description of the ___. 1. spinal cord 2. thalamus 3. somatic nervous system 4. cerebellum Answer: The correct answer is 1 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 77 Reasoning: The spinal cord has motor and sensory roots. It carries information to and from the body and it produces reflexes. Question 12 James got hold of some drugs at school and decided to use them. After few minutes of taking drugs, James entered a dreamlike state and started to experience distorted sensory experiences and imaginary visions and realities. What type of drugs induce this kind of mental state? 1. Inhalants 2. Stimulants 3. Hallucinogens 4. Depressants Answer: The correct answer is 3 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 328 Reasoning: Hallucinogens are drugs that bring about distorted sensory experiences. People who use them have intense sensory experiences and can enter a dreamlike state. Question 13 John experienced a sudden collapse. He was awake when his friend, James called him but John could not move. John is suffering from a sleep disorder called ___. 1. catalepsy 2. insomnia 3. sleep apnoea 4. narcolepsy Answer: The correct answer is 1 Refer: Tutorial Letter 201/1/2018 Reasoning: • Knowing the characteristics of each type of sleep disorder will help you answer this question. A sleep disorder that is characterised by a sudden S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: lizellecoetzee | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 7 PYC1501 – Basic Psychology collapse, whereby a person is awake but is unable to move is called catalepsy (option 1). Insomnia is characterised by an inability to fall asleep (option 2). Sleep apnoea is marked by a condition of waking up mostly at night, gasping for breath and then going back to sleep (option 3) Narcolepsy is characterised by an overwhelming need to sleep that usually lasts for a few minutes (option 4). Question 14 A youth group leader is concerned about the increasing problem of drug abuse in the community. He wants to organise a workshop for his youth group to provide information about drugs in the hope that this will reduce the incidence of drug abuse. He asks you to give a presentation on drugs and their effects on behaviour. 1. The area of interest is the effect of drugs on behaviour 2. The aim of the presentation is to prevent drug abuse 3. The target audience is young people in the community 4. All of the above Answer: The correct answer is 4 Question 15 A strong smell may seem less intense as time passes by. This is because receptor cells get tired of firing in response to continuous presentation of a stimulus. This process is called ___. 1. habituation 2. sensory adaptation 3. transduction 4. sensation Answer: The correct answer is 2 Refer: A-Z of Psy, pg. 297 Reasoning: Adaptation is the decrease of generator potential to prevent overstimulation. Adaptation occurs in the receptor cells and is different from habituation, which is a decrease in the frequency of firing in neurons. Question 16 The tutor asks the class to identify the principle behind the following description: “A process of perceptual organisation that refers to our tendency to group elements in a way that creates a balanced figure refers to the principle of ___.” 1. symmetry 2. contour 3. continuity 4. similarity