* Diabetes . -1-2Transient Remission
~
honeymoo
T insulin secretions -→
phase ~
chronic complications Glucose levels back to Normal .
microvascular
retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy * Remember the Rate of progression depends on the Age o
no of Auto Antibodies And their specifici
macrovascular Onset, the . -
coronary artery disease, peripheral artery
disease, stroke Type 1 - Autoimmune
Type 2 -
polygenic .
Muscle
*
Building
* if blood Glucose levels 7180 mg 1dL Then the PCT won't be Able
To Re Abs . Glucose ~ it will be excreted Glucosuria .
* Glucose in urine will prevent water Re Abs .
Osmotic Diuresis .
=D Dehydration → polydipsia ~
mostly seen in DM -1 .
*
lipolysis is the Reason why DM-1 patients Are usually
skinny ~ in type 2 theres minimal insulin to prevent
lipolysis .
C-peptide levels indicate the presence of
endogenously produced insulin and functioning β-
cells.
Drug induced diabetes → long Rx
with glucocorticoids .
in Type 2 ~ FPG
100 - 125
pre diabetic
, # Screening
-
Type 1 ~ No Need .
-
Type 2 ~
every 3 yrs After 45 .
if the patient is pre -
diabetic then
Annual
* who should get screened ?
Africans Asian with BMI > 23 , HTN ,
, histo
of CAD ,
D yslipidemia ,
polycystic Overy
d- canthosis nigricans, Gestational Diabetes , HI
Kids with obesity with One or more
Risk factor ~
history ,
Mother had Gestatio
Diabetes earring him , Born with less than
Aug .
Weight .
# Gestational Diabetes
we use Arterial Blood .
1st trimester Diabetes .
2nd or 3rd Gestational .
4- 12 weeks postpartum Type 2
s
screened if At high Risk .
low Risk Age < 25 .
Inconditionsassociatedwithincreasedredbloodcellturnov
er,such as , pregnancy (second and third trimesters),
, recent blood loss or transfusion, or erythropoietin
therapy, only plasma blood glucose criteria should be
used to diagnose
sickle cell disease, hemodialysis, Classification and
Diagnosis of Diabetes:
diabetes. B
* lifestyle .
* 71 weight Reduction .
* 150 min /week .
* Metformin used in prevention At Age 560 , BMI
735 .
, Note :
thioglitazone ~ T Risk of HF .
patient should be Monitored each 3
months , specilly if changes were
made .
if stable each 6
~
months .
* Monitoring
Self Monitoring of Blood glucose SMB
~ -
~ Continues glucose monitoring CGM
people with type1 on 2 but wit
Multiple injections , or on insulin pump
* Blood glucose levels Are less of those
in plasma .
~
honeymoo
T insulin secretions -→
phase ~
chronic complications Glucose levels back to Normal .
microvascular
retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy * Remember the Rate of progression depends on the Age o
no of Auto Antibodies And their specifici
macrovascular Onset, the . -
coronary artery disease, peripheral artery
disease, stroke Type 1 - Autoimmune
Type 2 -
polygenic .
Muscle
*
Building
* if blood Glucose levels 7180 mg 1dL Then the PCT won't be Able
To Re Abs . Glucose ~ it will be excreted Glucosuria .
* Glucose in urine will prevent water Re Abs .
Osmotic Diuresis .
=D Dehydration → polydipsia ~
mostly seen in DM -1 .
*
lipolysis is the Reason why DM-1 patients Are usually
skinny ~ in type 2 theres minimal insulin to prevent
lipolysis .
C-peptide levels indicate the presence of
endogenously produced insulin and functioning β-
cells.
Drug induced diabetes → long Rx
with glucocorticoids .
in Type 2 ~ FPG
100 - 125
pre diabetic
, # Screening
-
Type 1 ~ No Need .
-
Type 2 ~
every 3 yrs After 45 .
if the patient is pre -
diabetic then
Annual
* who should get screened ?
Africans Asian with BMI > 23 , HTN ,
, histo
of CAD ,
D yslipidemia ,
polycystic Overy
d- canthosis nigricans, Gestational Diabetes , HI
Kids with obesity with One or more
Risk factor ~
history ,
Mother had Gestatio
Diabetes earring him , Born with less than
Aug .
Weight .
# Gestational Diabetes
we use Arterial Blood .
1st trimester Diabetes .
2nd or 3rd Gestational .
4- 12 weeks postpartum Type 2
s
screened if At high Risk .
low Risk Age < 25 .
Inconditionsassociatedwithincreasedredbloodcellturnov
er,such as , pregnancy (second and third trimesters),
, recent blood loss or transfusion, or erythropoietin
therapy, only plasma blood glucose criteria should be
used to diagnose
sickle cell disease, hemodialysis, Classification and
Diagnosis of Diabetes:
diabetes. B
* lifestyle .
* 71 weight Reduction .
* 150 min /week .
* Metformin used in prevention At Age 560 , BMI
735 .
, Note :
thioglitazone ~ T Risk of HF .
patient should be Monitored each 3
months , specilly if changes were
made .
if stable each 6
~
months .
* Monitoring
Self Monitoring of Blood glucose SMB
~ -
~ Continues glucose monitoring CGM
people with type1 on 2 but wit
Multiple injections , or on insulin pump
* Blood glucose levels Are less of those
in plasma .
