lOMoARcPSD|3632294
Summary Organizational Behavior, Stephen P.
Robbins, Timothy A. Judge & Timothy C. Campbell
Organisational Behaviour (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam)
, lOMoARcPSD|3632294
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
, lOMoARcPSD|3632294
Organizational Behaviour: Trimester 1 IBA 19/10/2010 Anne Lieke Vonk
Organizational Behaviour Summary
Chapter 1: What is organizational behaviour?
Managers make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals within
organizations. An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more
people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
Based on the work of French industrialist Henri Fayol, managers can be said to perform four
functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Henry Mintzberg studied management
roles, which he grouped under the headings of interpersonal roles, informational roles, and
decisional roles. Interpersonal roles included symbolic, figurehead, and leadership roles;
informational roles included disseminator, monitor, and spokesperson roles; and decisional roles
were comprised of entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator roles. Robert
Katz identified the three essential management skills as technical, human, and conceptual. Lastly,
Fred Luthans and his colleagues found that managers engaged in four major activities. First,
managers participated in traditional management activities such as decision making, planning, and
controlling. Managers were also engaged in communication activities such as exchanging routine
information and processing paperwork. Luthans found that managers also performed human resource
management functions such as motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training.
Finally, managers engaged in networking activities, through socializing, politicking, and interacting
with outsiders.
Organizational behaviour is the field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups,
and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge
toward improving an organization's effectiveness. It is a study of individuals, groups and structure in
a systematic way to make organizations work more effectively. Core topics include motivation,
leader behaviour, power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, learning,
attitude development, perception, change processes, conflict, work design, and work stress.
The text will use systematic study in an attempt to explain and predict behaviour in organizations.
Systematic study attempts to attribute cause and effects, basing conclusions on scientific evidence by
gathering data under controlled conditions and measuring and interpreting it in a rigorous manner.
The systematic study of organizational behaviour concepts replaces popularly held, but erroneous
preconceived notions with data based on science-based study. The field of organizational behaviour
is an integration of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and social psychology
There are many challenges and opportunities that create a significant demand for understanding
organizational behaviour. Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders and managers
find themselves having to travel to different countries, work with people from different cultures, and
cope with anti-capitalism backlash. An area of growing importance is the movement of jobs to
countries with low-cost labour. Organizations also contend with within country diversity caused by
shifting demographics and immigration. In addition to country diversity, diversity also includes race,
gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion,
1
, lOMoARcPSD|3632294
Organizational Behaviour: Trimester 1 IBA 19/10/2010 Anne Lieke Vonk
cultural values, lifestyle preferences, and virtually any dimension on which employees differ. When
diversity is not managed properly, there is a potential for higher turnover, misunderstandings, and
interpersonal conflicts. Perhaps the most significant change in the European labour force in the last 50
years has been the sharp increase in the number of female workers. In addition, the first half of the
twentieth century will be notable for changes in the racial and ethnic composition of the workforce as
well as an aging generation of Baby Boomers.
Other trends include an increased emphasis on quality management or the attainment of customer
satisfaction through the continuous improvement of all organizational processes. A customer
responsive culture can be created through helping employees to improve their people skills. It is also
essential to help employees to quickly respond to organizational change. Today's managers and
employees must learn to cope with "temporariness" and manage the stresses inherent to working in
networked organizations. Flexibility must also be shown to employees, who can better do their jobs
if their work and family responsibilities are balanced. A growth area in OB research has been
positive organizational scholarship, which concerns how organizations develop human strengths,
foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Finally, managers must create an ethically healthy
environment for his or her employees.
A model is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real world phenomenon.
The model of organizational behaviour includes both dependent and independent variables. A
dependent variable is the key factor that is explained or predicted by some other (independent)
factor. The key dependent variables in the model of organizational behaviour are productivity,
absenteeism, turnover, deviant workplace behaviour, organizational citizenship behaviour, and job
satisfaction. These dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables. Independent
variables occur at the level of the individual, group, and organization. Finally, there are a number of
contingency variables that affect the model.
A number of conclusions emerge from this analysis. Organizational behaviour uses systematic study
to improve predictions about the behaviour of individuals and groups within the workplace. The
study of organizational behaviour can improve productivity; reduce absenteeism, turnover, and
deviant workplace behaviour; and increase organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction.
Chapter 2: Foundations of individual behaviour
Both ability and biological characteristics are helpful in predicting and explaining organizational
behaviour. Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks within a job.
Abilities are comprised of two sets of factors: intellectual and physical. Number aptitude, verbal
comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, and
memory comprise general mental ability. Physical abilities include stamina, manual dexterity, leg
strength, and similar talents.
Biographical characteristics are important in predicting both employee performance and job
satisfaction. These include age, gender, race, and tenure, among others. Misconceptions surround
each of these, particularly with respect to age and gender. Older workers for example are no less
productive than younger workers; in addition, they exhibit high levels of judgment, a strong work
ethic, and commitment to quality. They are also less likely to leave their
2
Summary Organizational Behavior, Stephen P.
Robbins, Timothy A. Judge & Timothy C. Campbell
Organisational Behaviour (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam)
, lOMoARcPSD|3632294
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
, lOMoARcPSD|3632294
Organizational Behaviour: Trimester 1 IBA 19/10/2010 Anne Lieke Vonk
Organizational Behaviour Summary
Chapter 1: What is organizational behaviour?
Managers make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals within
organizations. An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more
people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
Based on the work of French industrialist Henri Fayol, managers can be said to perform four
functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Henry Mintzberg studied management
roles, which he grouped under the headings of interpersonal roles, informational roles, and
decisional roles. Interpersonal roles included symbolic, figurehead, and leadership roles;
informational roles included disseminator, monitor, and spokesperson roles; and decisional roles
were comprised of entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator roles. Robert
Katz identified the three essential management skills as technical, human, and conceptual. Lastly,
Fred Luthans and his colleagues found that managers engaged in four major activities. First,
managers participated in traditional management activities such as decision making, planning, and
controlling. Managers were also engaged in communication activities such as exchanging routine
information and processing paperwork. Luthans found that managers also performed human resource
management functions such as motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training.
Finally, managers engaged in networking activities, through socializing, politicking, and interacting
with outsiders.
Organizational behaviour is the field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups,
and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge
toward improving an organization's effectiveness. It is a study of individuals, groups and structure in
a systematic way to make organizations work more effectively. Core topics include motivation,
leader behaviour, power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, learning,
attitude development, perception, change processes, conflict, work design, and work stress.
The text will use systematic study in an attempt to explain and predict behaviour in organizations.
Systematic study attempts to attribute cause and effects, basing conclusions on scientific evidence by
gathering data under controlled conditions and measuring and interpreting it in a rigorous manner.
The systematic study of organizational behaviour concepts replaces popularly held, but erroneous
preconceived notions with data based on science-based study. The field of organizational behaviour
is an integration of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and social psychology
There are many challenges and opportunities that create a significant demand for understanding
organizational behaviour. Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders and managers
find themselves having to travel to different countries, work with people from different cultures, and
cope with anti-capitalism backlash. An area of growing importance is the movement of jobs to
countries with low-cost labour. Organizations also contend with within country diversity caused by
shifting demographics and immigration. In addition to country diversity, diversity also includes race,
gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion,
1
, lOMoARcPSD|3632294
Organizational Behaviour: Trimester 1 IBA 19/10/2010 Anne Lieke Vonk
cultural values, lifestyle preferences, and virtually any dimension on which employees differ. When
diversity is not managed properly, there is a potential for higher turnover, misunderstandings, and
interpersonal conflicts. Perhaps the most significant change in the European labour force in the last 50
years has been the sharp increase in the number of female workers. In addition, the first half of the
twentieth century will be notable for changes in the racial and ethnic composition of the workforce as
well as an aging generation of Baby Boomers.
Other trends include an increased emphasis on quality management or the attainment of customer
satisfaction through the continuous improvement of all organizational processes. A customer
responsive culture can be created through helping employees to improve their people skills. It is also
essential to help employees to quickly respond to organizational change. Today's managers and
employees must learn to cope with "temporariness" and manage the stresses inherent to working in
networked organizations. Flexibility must also be shown to employees, who can better do their jobs
if their work and family responsibilities are balanced. A growth area in OB research has been
positive organizational scholarship, which concerns how organizations develop human strengths,
foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Finally, managers must create an ethically healthy
environment for his or her employees.
A model is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real world phenomenon.
The model of organizational behaviour includes both dependent and independent variables. A
dependent variable is the key factor that is explained or predicted by some other (independent)
factor. The key dependent variables in the model of organizational behaviour are productivity,
absenteeism, turnover, deviant workplace behaviour, organizational citizenship behaviour, and job
satisfaction. These dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables. Independent
variables occur at the level of the individual, group, and organization. Finally, there are a number of
contingency variables that affect the model.
A number of conclusions emerge from this analysis. Organizational behaviour uses systematic study
to improve predictions about the behaviour of individuals and groups within the workplace. The
study of organizational behaviour can improve productivity; reduce absenteeism, turnover, and
deviant workplace behaviour; and increase organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction.
Chapter 2: Foundations of individual behaviour
Both ability and biological characteristics are helpful in predicting and explaining organizational
behaviour. Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks within a job.
Abilities are comprised of two sets of factors: intellectual and physical. Number aptitude, verbal
comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization, and
memory comprise general mental ability. Physical abilities include stamina, manual dexterity, leg
strength, and similar talents.
Biographical characteristics are important in predicting both employee performance and job
satisfaction. These include age, gender, race, and tenure, among others. Misconceptions surround
each of these, particularly with respect to age and gender. Older workers for example are no less
productive than younger workers; in addition, they exhibit high levels of judgment, a strong work
ethic, and commitment to quality. They are also less likely to leave their
2
