661 vise study guide- UPDATED 7.2021

1. Hypertension Presentation: Most are not symptomatic, Occipital Headaches, headache on awakening in am, blurry vision, Assessment:  Asymptomatic  Occipital headache  Blurry vision  Headache upon wakening  Look for AV nicking  LVH Exam:  Carotid bruits  Abdominal bruits  Kidney bruits Diagnostic studies: to look for secondary causes of HTN like target organ damage and establish ASCVD risk: EKG, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, CBC, CMP (electrolyte, creatinine, & calcium levels), and urinalysis (checking for proteinuria). Diagnosis: Measure BP 5 minutes apart. Average of 2 or more BP readings on two different visits at 140/90 mm Hg start then can be diagnosed with HTN. If Stage 1 (ASCVD 10%) then non-pharmacologic management only:  First: Lifestyle modifications: diet and exercise 30 minutes aerobic exercise 5 days per week.  Limit alcohol  stop smoking  stress management.  DASH  Medication compliance