Transport in Animals
The Circulatory System
- The circulatory system is a system of blood vessels with a
pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
Circulation in Different Animals
- Fish have a two-chambered heart and a single circulation
- This means that for every one circuit of the body, the blood
passes through the heart once.
,- Mammals have a four-chambered heart and a double circulation
- This means that for every one circuit of the body, the blood
passes through the heart twice
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from
the body and pumps it to the lungs (the pulmonary
circulation)
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs and pumps it to the body (the systemic circulation).
Advantages of a Double Circulation
- Blood travelling through the small capillaries in the lungs
loses a lot of pressure that was given to it by the pumping
of the heart, meaning it cannot travel as fast
, - By returning the blood to the heart after going through the
lungs its pressure can be raised again before sending it to
the body, meaning cells can be supplied with the oxygen and
glucose they need for respiration faster and more frequently.
H eart Structure: Basics
- The heart is labelled as if it was in the chest so what is
your left on a diagram is actually the right hand side and
vice versa
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from
the body and pumps it to the lungs
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs and pumps it to the body
- Blood is pumped towards the heart in veins and away from the
heart in arteries
- The two sides of the heart are separated by a muscle wall
called the septum
- The heart is made of muscle tissue (cardiac muscle)which are
supplied with blood by the coronary arteries.
The Circulatory System
- The circulatory system is a system of blood vessels with a
pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
Circulation in Different Animals
- Fish have a two-chambered heart and a single circulation
- This means that for every one circuit of the body, the blood
passes through the heart once.
,- Mammals have a four-chambered heart and a double circulation
- This means that for every one circuit of the body, the blood
passes through the heart twice
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from
the body and pumps it to the lungs (the pulmonary
circulation)
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs and pumps it to the body (the systemic circulation).
Advantages of a Double Circulation
- Blood travelling through the small capillaries in the lungs
loses a lot of pressure that was given to it by the pumping
of the heart, meaning it cannot travel as fast
, - By returning the blood to the heart after going through the
lungs its pressure can be raised again before sending it to
the body, meaning cells can be supplied with the oxygen and
glucose they need for respiration faster and more frequently.
H eart Structure: Basics
- The heart is labelled as if it was in the chest so what is
your left on a diagram is actually the right hand side and
vice versa
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from
the body and pumps it to the lungs
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs and pumps it to the body
- Blood is pumped towards the heart in veins and away from the
heart in arteries
- The two sides of the heart are separated by a muscle wall
called the septum
- The heart is made of muscle tissue (cardiac muscle)which are
supplied with blood by the coronary arteries.
