GEOGRAPHY 7037/1 Paper 1 Physical Geography Mark scheme June 2021 Version: 1.0 Final Mark Scheme

GEOGRAPHY 7037/1 Paper 1 Physical Geography Mark scheme June 2021 Version: 1.0 Final Mark Scheme *216A7037/1/MS* A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/1 Paper 1 Physical Geography Mark scheme June 2021 Version: 1.0 Final Mark Scheme MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY – 7037/1 – JUNE 2021 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from Copyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2021 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY – 7037/1 – JUNE 2021 3 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the typical performance for the level. There are marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. The notes for answers provide indicative content. Students’ responses may take a different approach in relation to that which is typical or expected. It is important to stress that examiners must consider all a student’s work and the extent to which this answered the question, irrespective of whether a response follows an expected structure. If in doubt the examiner should contact their team leader for advice and guidance. Step 1 Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower levels of the mark scheme. When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4 content. Step 2 Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example. You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate. Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme. An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY – 7037/1 – JUNE 2021 4 Section A Question 1 Water and carbon cycles Qu Part Marking guidance Total marks 01 1 Outline the relationship between the water cycle and the carbon cycle in the atmosphere. Point marked Allow 1 mark per valid point with extra mark(s) for developed points (d). For example: Notes for answers • Increasing concentrations of carbon (and Methane) in the atmosphere has a warming effect on the planet and leads to increased evaporation (1). This can increase rates of precipitation or equally higher rates of evaporation can further exacerbate aridity (1) (d). • Volcanic eruptions release both carbon dioxide and water vapour into the atmosphere (1). • Photosynthesis requires both precipitation and carbon dioxide (1). • Decomposition releases carbon dioxide and requires the presence of water (1). Some may link this to the melting of permafrost, which is a significant contributor to CO2 release (1) (d). • Some may consider the acid rain as an outcome of the relationship between water and carbon on the atmosphere (1). This may be further linked to ocean acidification (1) (d). The notes for answers are not exhaustive. Credit any valid points. 4 AO1=4 01 2 Analyse the data shown in Figure 1. AO3 – There should be clear analysis of the relationships evident in the resource. Analysis should consider the relationship between forest cover, land surface temperature and latitude. Mark scheme Level 2 (4–6 marks) AO3 – Clear analysis of the quantitative evidence provided, which makes appropriate use of data in support. Clear connection(s) between different aspects of the data and evidence. Level 1 (1–3 marks) AO3 – Basic analysis of the quantitative evidence provided, which makes limited use of data and evidence in support. Basic connection(s) between different aspects of the data and evidence. 6 AO3=6 MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL GEOGRAPHY – 7037/1 – JUNE 2021 5 Notes for answers AO3 • Afforestation is more likely to lead to a reduction in land surface temperature. The most extreme temperature decreases can be seen where temperatures fall by up to 1.7oC at latitudes -25oS and a reduction in 50–70% surface cover. • Some obvious anomalies exist eg at 5oS, 10%–30% afforestation appears to lead to a small temperature increase. Similarly at around 40os, up to 50% afforestation leads to temperature decrease but at 60% afforestation, temperatures appear to increase. The highest latitudes also tend to see temperature increases with afforestation, more so in the northern hemisphere, though here data extends to 75oN, compared to only 55oS. • The pattern is arguably less predictable for deforestation. As a generalisation increasing deforestation leads to higher land surface temperatures with figures up to 1.7oC noted between 15oN and 15oS. • Between 55 and 75oN, almost any deforestation leads to temperature decrease and at around 45oN, with 70% decrease in forest, there is a significant drop in land surface temperature. • Some may note the lack of data particularly between 25oN and 15oS. This does make it more difficult to identify patterns within the data at these latitudes and als