BIOL 101
STUDY GUIDE: QUIZ 3
Quiz Preparation Tasks: Your Answers and Notes
6 Energy-Driven Inventions
6.1 Living Systems Require a Flow of Energy
In a phrase, how do physicists define “energy”? Ability to do work
The physicist’s definition of energy is not ____________ __________ for use Comprehensive enough
in defining energy changes within a living cell.
How would a cell biologist define “energy”? The ability to make specific changed occur
List 5 major sorts or categories of energy change within the cell. Fig 6.2. Biosynthesis- movement- concentration – electrical
potential- heat
Sometimes the cell pumps substances against diffusion forces that would Energy of concentration
otherwise carry those substances the other way. What term/phrase would we
give to this pumping process? _____________ ___ _______________
On a cold day, which of the following processes do your cells depend on to e
maintain an operating temperature of 37 degrees Celsius?
a. muscle contraction
b. shivering
c. respiration energy production
d. metabolic heat generation
e. all of the above
6.2 Laws of Energy Flow in the Living World
______ is freely convertible from one form to another but _______ can never Energy
be created or destroyed in normal processes.
(That means that in nature, as energy freely changes from one form to another,
the total amount of energy stays constant.)
Thus, a lit match cannot continue to burn when the wood of the match stick is Law of conservation of matter & energy
consumed. This statement illustrates what general law of energy flow?
Systems that convert energy from one form to another are not 100% efficient, decreases
thus the amount of useful energy ___________.
This is because, in cars and in living things, energy conversion is inefficient, Heat energy
with much energy being lost in the form of useless _______. Fig 6.4
So, when your car engine burns the octane in gasoline, in what form does at Heat energy
, BIOL 101
Existing chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed Chemical reactions
between different atoms. In the broadest sense this is the definition for a
__________ _________.
Write out an example of a chemical reaction using names and symbols of
reactants and products with an arrow between them.
Whenever chemical bonds are broken, energy is __________. Whenever Required
chemical bonds form, energy is __________. (Characteristic #1)
Does an endergonic reaction require the input of energy, or does it give off Free energy must be added
energy? (Characteristic #1)
What term is given to the amount of energy required to break the bonds in Activation energy
reactant molecules? (Characteristic #3, Fig 6.6)
What is true of the bonds in reactant molecules that keeps most chemical Prohibitively high
reactions from occurring in nature? Their energy level is _______ than the
activation energy necessary to break them. (Characteristic #3)
When ________ energy is not available for a given chemical reaction, the activation
reaction will not go. (Characteristic #3)
6.4 Enzymes Direct Energy Flow
How is the activation energy of desired reactions lowered in living things, so By putting stress on the bond that needs breaking
that the desired reactions are able to go forward? (Fig. 6.7)
What words best describe the way in which enzymes bind to reactant Active-site
molecules? (second paragraph) The active site is highly __________ for the
specific _________ of the reactant molecule.
What exactly does an enzyme do to the chemical bonds within the reactant Catalize chem reactions
molecule? (second paragraph)
By binding to reactant molecules, what effect does an enzyme have on the Catalyzes, increases
activation energy for a given reaction? Fig 6.7
6.5 Energy Flow in Reaction Pathways: Metabolism
What name do we give to sequences of chemical reactions within cells? Metabolic pathway
In a ________ __________, the product of one reaction becomes the reactant “
of the next reaction and so on. Fig. 6.9
If the final end product of a metabolic pathway is continually removed and End product
used elsewhere then the reactions of the entire pathway will be pulled in the
direction of making more of the _____ ____________. (third paragraph)
An allosteric enzyme has a second binding site other than its own active site Regulatory molecules
for converting substrate to product. What does this second site bind to? (fourth
paragraph) Fig 6.10
STUDY GUIDE: QUIZ 3
Quiz Preparation Tasks: Your Answers and Notes
6 Energy-Driven Inventions
6.1 Living Systems Require a Flow of Energy
In a phrase, how do physicists define “energy”? Ability to do work
The physicist’s definition of energy is not ____________ __________ for use Comprehensive enough
in defining energy changes within a living cell.
How would a cell biologist define “energy”? The ability to make specific changed occur
List 5 major sorts or categories of energy change within the cell. Fig 6.2. Biosynthesis- movement- concentration – electrical
potential- heat
Sometimes the cell pumps substances against diffusion forces that would Energy of concentration
otherwise carry those substances the other way. What term/phrase would we
give to this pumping process? _____________ ___ _______________
On a cold day, which of the following processes do your cells depend on to e
maintain an operating temperature of 37 degrees Celsius?
a. muscle contraction
b. shivering
c. respiration energy production
d. metabolic heat generation
e. all of the above
6.2 Laws of Energy Flow in the Living World
______ is freely convertible from one form to another but _______ can never Energy
be created or destroyed in normal processes.
(That means that in nature, as energy freely changes from one form to another,
the total amount of energy stays constant.)
Thus, a lit match cannot continue to burn when the wood of the match stick is Law of conservation of matter & energy
consumed. This statement illustrates what general law of energy flow?
Systems that convert energy from one form to another are not 100% efficient, decreases
thus the amount of useful energy ___________.
This is because, in cars and in living things, energy conversion is inefficient, Heat energy
with much energy being lost in the form of useless _______. Fig 6.4
So, when your car engine burns the octane in gasoline, in what form does at Heat energy
, BIOL 101
Existing chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed Chemical reactions
between different atoms. In the broadest sense this is the definition for a
__________ _________.
Write out an example of a chemical reaction using names and symbols of
reactants and products with an arrow between them.
Whenever chemical bonds are broken, energy is __________. Whenever Required
chemical bonds form, energy is __________. (Characteristic #1)
Does an endergonic reaction require the input of energy, or does it give off Free energy must be added
energy? (Characteristic #1)
What term is given to the amount of energy required to break the bonds in Activation energy
reactant molecules? (Characteristic #3, Fig 6.6)
What is true of the bonds in reactant molecules that keeps most chemical Prohibitively high
reactions from occurring in nature? Their energy level is _______ than the
activation energy necessary to break them. (Characteristic #3)
When ________ energy is not available for a given chemical reaction, the activation
reaction will not go. (Characteristic #3)
6.4 Enzymes Direct Energy Flow
How is the activation energy of desired reactions lowered in living things, so By putting stress on the bond that needs breaking
that the desired reactions are able to go forward? (Fig. 6.7)
What words best describe the way in which enzymes bind to reactant Active-site
molecules? (second paragraph) The active site is highly __________ for the
specific _________ of the reactant molecule.
What exactly does an enzyme do to the chemical bonds within the reactant Catalize chem reactions
molecule? (second paragraph)
By binding to reactant molecules, what effect does an enzyme have on the Catalyzes, increases
activation energy for a given reaction? Fig 6.7
6.5 Energy Flow in Reaction Pathways: Metabolism
What name do we give to sequences of chemical reactions within cells? Metabolic pathway
In a ________ __________, the product of one reaction becomes the reactant “
of the next reaction and so on. Fig. 6.9
If the final end product of a metabolic pathway is continually removed and End product
used elsewhere then the reactions of the entire pathway will be pulled in the
direction of making more of the _____ ____________. (third paragraph)
An allosteric enzyme has a second binding site other than its own active site Regulatory molecules
for converting substrate to product. What does this second site bind to? (fourth
paragraph) Fig 6.10
