AAMA - CMA Exam review - Infection Control

The spread of disease is dependent on the _____ of __________ remaining unbroken. Answer- Chain Infection The goal of infection control is to stop the chain of infection from _________ the cycle to prevent disease. Answer- completing The first link of the chain of infection is the ______ _____. Answer- infective agent The infective agent can be a _____, _______, _____, _________ or __________. Answer- bacteria virus protozoa fungus rickettsia The second link of the chain of infection is _______ _____. Answer- reservoir host Reservoir hosts include people, insects, animals, food, water and ___________. Answer- objects The reservoir host is where the ________ resides prior to infecting a person. Answer- pathogen The third link of the chain of infection is the _________ of ____. Answer- portal exit The portal of exit is how the agent leaves the host to ______ to another. Answer- spread The fourth link of the Chain of Infection is ____________. Answer- Transmission Transmission can occur with _______ or __________ contact. Answer- direct indirect A _____ is an inanimate object that has been _________ with a pathogen. Answer- fomite contaminated Transmission is when a pathogen is picked up and deposited to the _______ of _____ or the fifth link in the chain of infection. Answer- portal entry A _____ is an insect or animal capable of passing a pathogen to a human host. Answer- vector The portal of entry on the susceptible host can be the digestive system, respiratory system or any ____ area in skin. Answer- open The sixth link in the chain of infection is the _________ host. Answer- susceptible ___ is a virus spread through blood or body fluids Answer- HIV __________ ________ or (_________) is a bacteria spread through sexual transmission. Answer- Neisseria gonorrhoeaa gonorrhea ____ are a group of fungi that spread through direct contact like clothing and likes moist environments. Answer- Tinia _______ spreads through vectors like mosquitoes and are a protozoa. Answer- Malaria The tick spreads _______ _________ which is a rickettsia. Answer- Lyme disease The types of infections are acute, chronic ________ and ____. Answer- latent slow _______ infections persist with periods of activity (outbreaks) and dormancy with an example being Herpes. Answer- latent ____ infections begin rapidly but lasts only a short time with an example being the common cold. Answer- acute _______ infections last for an extended time, even lifelong like Hepatitis B Answer- Chronic ____ infections progress slowly over a long period, such as untreated lyme disease or syphilis. Answer- slow ______ _______ are methods mandated by the ___ (acronym) to prevent the spread of infection in humans. Answer- Universal Precautions CDC Universal precautions are also known as _________ precautions. Answer- standard Standard precautions were first implemented in ___ in response to concern about the ______ of health care workers. Answer- 1985 safety The precautions include exposure to all ____, _______ _____, ____ that is not intact, and _______ _________. Answer- blood body fluids skin mucous membranes Standard precautions are part of the system of _______ precautions that are used with all patients regardless of their ________ by health care workers. Answer- barrier diagnosis In 1992 ____ (acronym) began enforcing work practice controls to _______ or __________ the risk of on the job exposure. Answer- OSHA reduce eliminate Barrier equipment is known as __________ _________ ________ or (___) and must be worn when even potentially exposed to a list of potentially infectious body fluids. Answer- Personal Protective Equipment PPE Any body fluid that is contaminated with ____ whether ______ or not requires PPE. Answer- blood visible The type of PPE worn is dependent on the _____________ of ___________ of _________. Answer- dependent possibility contamination Gloves must be worn at ___ times when exposed to listed body fluids. Answer- all _______, ___ protection and _____ are used if possible exposure is anticipated. Answer- Gowns eye masks OSHA requires that all employees exposed to blood-borne pathogens be offered a hepatitis B vaccine ____ of charge by the __________. Answer- free employer Employees can decline the hepatitis B vaccine but must sign a __________ form to be kept in their record. Answer- declination The first OSHA procedure for managing contamination is that ______ ___ be given including _________ or ________ of the exposed area. Answer- first aid washing flushing The 2nd OSHA procedure for managing contamination is that a ______ of the incident must be provided to the employee's _______ immediately. Answer- report supervisor The 3rd procedure for managing contamination by OSHA guidelines is that the employee must receive a ________ evaluation. Answer- medical The 4th OSHA procedure for managing contamination is an _______ report is filed containing information about the exposure and the _________ of the source if known. Answer- incident identity The 5th OSHA guideline for managing contamination is that the exposed worker and patient are screened for ___ and ___ if _________ is given after counseling. Answer- HIV HBV (Hep B) consent The 6th OSHA guideline for managing contamination is an offer of a ___ vaccine if not done already or ________ to assure immunity. Answer- HBV testing The 7th OSHA procedure for managing contamination is the worker receive an _________ from a health care provider within __ days of the medical evaluation. Answer- opinion 15 The last (8th) OSHA procedure for contamination is __________ is given to the exposed worker. Answer- counseling __________ waste includes any bodily fluid that comes from a patient or any soiled or used equipment. Answer- Biohazardous Scalpels would be disposed of in a ______ container. Answer- sharps Sharps containers must not be emptied by ____ and must be emptied before they are _____ to prevent injury. Answer- hand full Bio-hazardous ______ must be cleaned using materials to contain them for disposal. Answer- spills Soiled _______ must be placed in an impervious bag without _______ the surrounding area or your clothing. Answer- linens contaminating _______ should always be worn when handling any item soiled with bio-hazardous waste. Answer- gloves ______ is the absence of infection or infectious material. Answer- Asepsis _______ asepsis is the removal or destruction of pathogens after they leave the body. Answer- Medical An example of medical asepsis is disposing of a ______ into a rigid bio-hazardous container. Answer- sharp _________ asepsis is the removal or destruction of pathogens before they enter the body. Answer- Surgical An example of surgical asepsis is using ________ instruments in a procedure. Answer- sterile The cornerstone of infection control is _____________. Answer- handwashing Hand washing is required _______ and ________ treating a patient even if gloves were worn. Answer- before after Use _________ soap when hand washing. Answer- antimicrobial A longer hand wash should happen first thing in the _________ and _____ thing before leaving. Answer- morning last The extended hand wash should last ______ as long as at other times of the day and normally lasts _ -_ minutes. Answer- twice 1 2 _______, ________, and _____ running water are the most important aspects of hand washing. Answer- Soap friction warm Hands should point ___________ to allow contaminates to run off the fingers. Answer- downward Alcohol based hand rub is not appropriate for the _____ hand wash in the morning, after using the __________ or when there is ________ material on your hands. Answer- first restroom visible Standard precautions apply to both excretions and secretions except _____. Answer- sweat _____ are recommended to protect the patient and health care worker from respiratory secretions as they stop _______ (which are a mode of transmission.) Answer- masks droplets masks are also recommended when _______ of body fluids of any kind may occur. Answer- sprays Rickettisa are actually a special group of parasitic ____________ that are classified separately as they all spread by vectors. Answer- bacteria Sanitizing (includes scrubbing) happens ________ disinfection (application of a chemical substance to kill pathogens.) Answer- before Gloves must be worn in contact with any _______ membranes. Answer- mucous ____ are a form of protection worn in sterile situations for the protection of the patient to prevent hair from contaminating the sterile field. Answer- Caps The face shield alone can be used in place of a face ____ and ______. Answer- mask goggles