NR 176: CHAPTER 47 GASTRIC AND DUODENAL DISORDERS
WITH ANSWERS CORRECT DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A
Gastritis
• Inflammation of the stomach
• A common GI problem
• Acute: rapid onset of symptoms usually caused by dietary indiscretion. Other causes
include medications, alcohol, bile reflux, and radiation therapy. Ingestion of strong
acid or alkali may cause serious complications.
• Chronic: prolonged inflammation due to benign or malignant ulcers of the stomach or
by Helicobacter pylori. May also be associated with some autoimmune diseases, dietary
factors, medications, alcohol, smoking, or chronic reflux of pancreatic secretions or bile.
Erosive gastritis- long term use with NSAIDS. gastric mucosal erosion caused by
damage to mucosal defenses
Nursing Process: The Care of the Patient With Gastritis—Assessment
• History including presenting signs and symptoms
• Dietary history and dietary associations with symptoms
• 72 hour diet; diary may be helpful
• Abdominal assessment
Manifestations of gastritis
• Acute: abdominal discomfort, headache, lassitude, nausea, vomiting, hiccupping
• Chronic: epigastric discomfort, anorexia, heartburn after eating, belching, sour taste in
the mouth, nausea and vomiting, intolerance of some foods. May have vitamin
, NR 176: CHAPTER 47 GASTRIC AND DUODENAL DISORDERS
WITH ANSWERS CORRECT DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A
deficiency due to malabsorption of B12
• May be associated with achlorhydria, hypochlorhydria, or hyperchlorhydria
• Diagnosis is usually by UGI X-ray or
endoscopy and biopsy Diagnosis
• Anxiety
• Imbalanced nutrition
• Risk for fluid volume imbalance
• Deficient knowledge
• Acute
pain Planning
• Major goals may include reduced anxiety, avoidance of irritating foods, adequate
intake of nutrients, maintenance of fluid balance, increased awareness of dietary
management, and relief of pain
Medical management of Gastritis
• Acute
– Refrain form alcohol and food until symptoms subside
– If due to strong acid or alkali treatment to neutralize the agent, avoid emetics
and lavage due to danger of perforation and damage to esophagus
– Supportive therapy
• Chronic
– Modify diet, promote rest, reduce stress, avoid alcohol and NSAIDs
– Pharmacologic therapy
Interventions
• Reduce anxiety; use calm approach and explain all procedures and treatments
• Promote optimal nutrition; for acute gastritis, the patient should take no food or fluids
by mouth. Introduce clear liquids and solid foods as prescribed. Evaluate and report
symptoms. Discourage caffeinated beverages, alcohol, cigarette smoking. Refer for
alcohol counseling and smoking cessation
• Promote fluid balance; monitor I&O, for signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and
WITH ANSWERS CORRECT DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A
Gastritis
• Inflammation of the stomach
• A common GI problem
• Acute: rapid onset of symptoms usually caused by dietary indiscretion. Other causes
include medications, alcohol, bile reflux, and radiation therapy. Ingestion of strong
acid or alkali may cause serious complications.
• Chronic: prolonged inflammation due to benign or malignant ulcers of the stomach or
by Helicobacter pylori. May also be associated with some autoimmune diseases, dietary
factors, medications, alcohol, smoking, or chronic reflux of pancreatic secretions or bile.
Erosive gastritis- long term use with NSAIDS. gastric mucosal erosion caused by
damage to mucosal defenses
Nursing Process: The Care of the Patient With Gastritis—Assessment
• History including presenting signs and symptoms
• Dietary history and dietary associations with symptoms
• 72 hour diet; diary may be helpful
• Abdominal assessment
Manifestations of gastritis
• Acute: abdominal discomfort, headache, lassitude, nausea, vomiting, hiccupping
• Chronic: epigastric discomfort, anorexia, heartburn after eating, belching, sour taste in
the mouth, nausea and vomiting, intolerance of some foods. May have vitamin
, NR 176: CHAPTER 47 GASTRIC AND DUODENAL DISORDERS
WITH ANSWERS CORRECT DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A
deficiency due to malabsorption of B12
• May be associated with achlorhydria, hypochlorhydria, or hyperchlorhydria
• Diagnosis is usually by UGI X-ray or
endoscopy and biopsy Diagnosis
• Anxiety
• Imbalanced nutrition
• Risk for fluid volume imbalance
• Deficient knowledge
• Acute
pain Planning
• Major goals may include reduced anxiety, avoidance of irritating foods, adequate
intake of nutrients, maintenance of fluid balance, increased awareness of dietary
management, and relief of pain
Medical management of Gastritis
• Acute
– Refrain form alcohol and food until symptoms subside
– If due to strong acid or alkali treatment to neutralize the agent, avoid emetics
and lavage due to danger of perforation and damage to esophagus
– Supportive therapy
• Chronic
– Modify diet, promote rest, reduce stress, avoid alcohol and NSAIDs
– Pharmacologic therapy
Interventions
• Reduce anxiety; use calm approach and explain all procedures and treatments
• Promote optimal nutrition; for acute gastritis, the patient should take no food or fluids
by mouth. Introduce clear liquids and solid foods as prescribed. Evaluate and report
symptoms. Discourage caffeinated beverages, alcohol, cigarette smoking. Refer for
alcohol counseling and smoking cessation
• Promote fluid balance; monitor I&O, for signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and
