NR 503 WEEK 8 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE:
CHAPTER 2-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-15, 16-20
Chapters 2-4
Which of the following is a condition which may occur during the incubation
period?
Transmission of infection
Chicken pox is a highly communicable disease. It may be transmitted by
direct contact with a person infected with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
The typical incubation time is between 10 to 20 days. A boy started school 2
weeks after showing symptoms of chicken pox including mild fever, skin rash,
& fluid-filled blisters. One month after the boy returned to school, none of his
classmates had been infected by VZV. The main reason was:
Contact was after infectious period
The ability of a single person to remain free of clinical illness following
exposure to an infectious agent is known as:
Immunity
Which of the following is characteristic of a single-exposure, common-vehicle
outbreak?
The epidemic curve has a normal distribution when plotted against the logarithm of
time
, What is the diarrhea attack rate in persons who ate both ice cream & pizza?
39/52
What is the overall attack rate in persons who did not eat ice cream?
33%
Which of the food items (or combination of items) is most likely to be the
infective item(s)?
Ice cream only
Which of the following reasons can explain why a person who did not
consume the infective food item got sick?
They were directly exposed to persons who did eat the infective food item
Diarrhea is a general symptom consistent with a number of illnesses
There may have been an inaccurate recall of which foods were eaten (all of the
above)
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
,vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. Calculate the attack rate among
all students at the boarding school.
The answer is found by dividing the total number of cases (57) by the total number
of students (846). This equals 6.7%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. Calculate the attack rates for boys
& girls separately.
For boys, the attack rate includes all cases (40 + 3) divided by the total number of
students who are boys (380 + 46). The attack rate is 10.1%.
For girls, the attack rate includes all cases (12 + 2) divided by the total number of
students who are girls (343 + 77). The attack rate is 3.3%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. What is the proportion of total
cases occurring in boys?
The proportion of cases occurring in boys is equal to the number of cases in boys
divided by the total number of cases (43/57). This equals 75.4%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
, 24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. What is the proportion of total
cases occurring in students who live in dormitories?
The proportion of cases occurring in dormitory residents is equal to the number of
cases in residents divided by the total number of cases (52/57). This equals 91.2%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. Which proportion is more
informative for the purpose of the outbreak investigation?
Both proportions are useful. Dormitory residents account for over 90% of the cases
indicating an outbreak of an infectious agent that was transmitted at the school.
Furthermore, over 75% of the cases were boys indicating that the responsible agent
was more likely to have been transmitted in the boys’ dormitory.
A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to
determine whether a new cholesterol-lowering agent was useful in preventing
coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 12,327 potential participants
for the trial. At the initial clinical exam, 309 were discovered to have CHD.
The remaining subjects entered the trial & were divided equally into the
treatment & placebo groups. Of those in the treatment group, 505 developed
CHD after 5 years of follow-up while 477 developed CHD during the same
period in the placebo group. What was the prevalence of CHD at the initial
exam?
The prevalence of CHD at the initial exam was 309 cases of CHD divided by
12,327 participants. This equals a prevalence of 25.1 cases of CHD per 1,000
persons.
A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to
determine whether a new cholesterol-lowering agent was useful in preventing
coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 12,327 potential participants
CHAPTER 2-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-15, 16-20
Chapters 2-4
Which of the following is a condition which may occur during the incubation
period?
Transmission of infection
Chicken pox is a highly communicable disease. It may be transmitted by
direct contact with a person infected with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
The typical incubation time is between 10 to 20 days. A boy started school 2
weeks after showing symptoms of chicken pox including mild fever, skin rash,
& fluid-filled blisters. One month after the boy returned to school, none of his
classmates had been infected by VZV. The main reason was:
Contact was after infectious period
The ability of a single person to remain free of clinical illness following
exposure to an infectious agent is known as:
Immunity
Which of the following is characteristic of a single-exposure, common-vehicle
outbreak?
The epidemic curve has a normal distribution when plotted against the logarithm of
time
, What is the diarrhea attack rate in persons who ate both ice cream & pizza?
39/52
What is the overall attack rate in persons who did not eat ice cream?
33%
Which of the food items (or combination of items) is most likely to be the
infective item(s)?
Ice cream only
Which of the following reasons can explain why a person who did not
consume the infective food item got sick?
They were directly exposed to persons who did eat the infective food item
Diarrhea is a general symptom consistent with a number of illnesses
There may have been an inaccurate recall of which foods were eaten (all of the
above)
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
,vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. Calculate the attack rate among
all students at the boarding school.
The answer is found by dividing the total number of cases (57) by the total number
of students (846). This equals 6.7%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. Calculate the attack rates for boys
& girls separately.
For boys, the attack rate includes all cases (40 + 3) divided by the total number of
students who are boys (380 + 46). The attack rate is 10.1%.
For girls, the attack rate includes all cases (12 + 2) divided by the total number of
students who are girls (343 + 77). The attack rate is 3.3%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. What is the proportion of total
cases occurring in boys?
The proportion of cases occurring in boys is equal to the number of cases in boys
divided by the total number of cases (43/57). This equals 75.4%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
, 24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. What is the proportion of total
cases occurring in students who live in dormitories?
The proportion of cases occurring in dormitory residents is equal to the number of
cases in residents divided by the total number of cases (52/57). This equals 91.2%.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a boarding school with a student
enrollment of 846. Fifty-seven students reported symptoms including
vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, & low-grade fever between 10 p.m. on September
24 & 8 p.m. on September 25. The ill students lived in dormitories that housed
723 of the students. The table below provides information on the number of
students per type of residence & the number reporting illnesses consistent
with the described symptoms & onset time. Which proportion is more
informative for the purpose of the outbreak investigation?
Both proportions are useful. Dormitory residents account for over 90% of the cases
indicating an outbreak of an infectious agent that was transmitted at the school.
Furthermore, over 75% of the cases were boys indicating that the responsible agent
was more likely to have been transmitted in the boys’ dormitory.
A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to
determine whether a new cholesterol-lowering agent was useful in preventing
coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 12,327 potential participants
for the trial. At the initial clinical exam, 309 were discovered to have CHD.
The remaining subjects entered the trial & were divided equally into the
treatment & placebo groups. Of those in the treatment group, 505 developed
CHD after 5 years of follow-up while 477 developed CHD during the same
period in the placebo group. What was the prevalence of CHD at the initial
exam?
The prevalence of CHD at the initial exam was 309 cases of CHD divided by
12,327 participants. This equals a prevalence of 25.1 cases of CHD per 1,000
persons.
A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to
determine whether a new cholesterol-lowering agent was useful in preventing
coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 12,327 potential participants
