NUR2474 / NUR 2474 Pharmacology for Professional
Nursing Exam 1 Review | Rasmussen
1. what is the therapeutic level of phenytoin?
- 10-20
2. what is the therapeutic level of carbamazepine?
- 5-12
3. what can we use carbamazepine to treat?
- epilepsy,
- bipolar, and
- trigeminal neuralgias
4. why is a therapeutic level important with some medications?
- if the drug is not in a certain range, it can be toxic. broad therapeutic range=
good drug to use, narrow range= not so good. must draw blood levels if in a
narrow therapeutic range medication.
5. what medications cause EPS?
- antipsychotic drugs- 1st generation
6. what are the early EPS?
, - acute dystonia, oculogyric crisis, opisthotonus, joints dislocation, impaired
breathing, akathisia, parkinsonism
7. what are the late EPS?
- tardive dyskinesia
8. explain acute dystonia
- slow muscle movement and spasticity
9. explain oculogyric crisis
- upward deviation of the eyes
10. explain opisthotonus
- back spasticity
11. explain joint dislocation
- from the muscle spasms, can be painful
12. explain impaired breathing
- the diaphragm cannot work correctly due to slowing of movement
13. explain akathisia
- compulsive, restless movement, need to be in motion with anxiety.
,14. explain Parkinsonism
- drug induced Parkinson's: bradykinesia, mask like face, tremor, rigidity,
shuffling gait, drooling, cog wheeling, stooped posture
15. how do we treat early EPS?
- anticholinergics,
- bentos,
- beta blocker
16. explain tardive dyskinesia
- choreoathetoid movements of the tongue and face, lip smacking movement,
fly catching tongue, slow worm like tongue movement, involuntary
movements of limbs, tones, hips and fingers.
17. how do you treat late EPS?
- no treatment, but you can prevent it. D/C all medications and switch to 2nd
generation antipsychotic
18. what do TCAs treat?
- major depression
19. how do TCAs work
- blocks serotonin and NE reuptake
20. what are the side effects of TCAs
, - sedation,
- orthostatic hypotension,
- anticholinergic
21. what is the most dangerous effect of TCAs
- cardiac toxicity
22. S/S of cardiac toxicity in TCAs
- dysrhythmias,
- tachycardia,
- heart blocks,
- v tach,
- v fib
23. how do we treat cardiac toxicity in TCAs?
- no antidote,
- treat with gastric lavage,
- activated charcoal, IV HCO3
24. What do neuroleptics do?
- it blocks dopamine. only increase the effects of Parkinson's disease, as they
will induce Parkinson's symptoms with EPS, it is an additive relationship.
25. what is the issue with using a neuroleptic with a patient with Parkinson's disease?
Nursing Exam 1 Review | Rasmussen
1. what is the therapeutic level of phenytoin?
- 10-20
2. what is the therapeutic level of carbamazepine?
- 5-12
3. what can we use carbamazepine to treat?
- epilepsy,
- bipolar, and
- trigeminal neuralgias
4. why is a therapeutic level important with some medications?
- if the drug is not in a certain range, it can be toxic. broad therapeutic range=
good drug to use, narrow range= not so good. must draw blood levels if in a
narrow therapeutic range medication.
5. what medications cause EPS?
- antipsychotic drugs- 1st generation
6. what are the early EPS?
, - acute dystonia, oculogyric crisis, opisthotonus, joints dislocation, impaired
breathing, akathisia, parkinsonism
7. what are the late EPS?
- tardive dyskinesia
8. explain acute dystonia
- slow muscle movement and spasticity
9. explain oculogyric crisis
- upward deviation of the eyes
10. explain opisthotonus
- back spasticity
11. explain joint dislocation
- from the muscle spasms, can be painful
12. explain impaired breathing
- the diaphragm cannot work correctly due to slowing of movement
13. explain akathisia
- compulsive, restless movement, need to be in motion with anxiety.
,14. explain Parkinsonism
- drug induced Parkinson's: bradykinesia, mask like face, tremor, rigidity,
shuffling gait, drooling, cog wheeling, stooped posture
15. how do we treat early EPS?
- anticholinergics,
- bentos,
- beta blocker
16. explain tardive dyskinesia
- choreoathetoid movements of the tongue and face, lip smacking movement,
fly catching tongue, slow worm like tongue movement, involuntary
movements of limbs, tones, hips and fingers.
17. how do you treat late EPS?
- no treatment, but you can prevent it. D/C all medications and switch to 2nd
generation antipsychotic
18. what do TCAs treat?
- major depression
19. how do TCAs work
- blocks serotonin and NE reuptake
20. what are the side effects of TCAs
, - sedation,
- orthostatic hypotension,
- anticholinergic
21. what is the most dangerous effect of TCAs
- cardiac toxicity
22. S/S of cardiac toxicity in TCAs
- dysrhythmias,
- tachycardia,
- heart blocks,
- v tach,
- v fib
23. how do we treat cardiac toxicity in TCAs?
- no antidote,
- treat with gastric lavage,
- activated charcoal, IV HCO3
24. What do neuroleptics do?
- it blocks dopamine. only increase the effects of Parkinson's disease, as they
will induce Parkinson's symptoms with EPS, it is an additive relationship.
25. what is the issue with using a neuroleptic with a patient with Parkinson's disease?
