HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2021

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology 2021 Blood is prevented from changing direction in the veins by: A) Pressure from the heart B) Valves C) Suction from the heart D) None of the above Correct Answer: B The liquid part of the blood is called A) Plasma B) Blood fluid C) Serous fluid D) None of the above Correct Answer: A Blood cells that are responsible for transportation of oxygen are called A) Leukocytes B) Thrombocytes C) Erythrocytes D) None of the above Correct Answer: C What is the thyroid cartilage commonly known as ? A) Vocal box B) Adam's apple C) Vocal cords D) None of the above Correct Answer: B When exhaling, the diaphragm A) Relaxes B) Contracts C) Does nothing D) None of the above Correct Answer: A Which bone forms the rib cage of the thoracic region with the ribs? A) sternum B) Fibula C) Occipital bone D) None of the above Correct Answer: A The humerus and ulna form the A) Shoulder joint B) Elbow joint C) Wrist joint D) None of the above Correct Answer: B The patella is also called A) breastbone B) Kneecap C) Finger bone D) None of the above Correct Answer: B The bone that is stationary during the movement is called the: A) Insertion B) Agonist C) Origin D) None of the above Correct Answer: C How many origins does a quadriceps have? A) 4 B) 5 C) 3 D) None of the above Correct Answer: A Which part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions? A) The pons B) The cerebral cortex C) The cerebellar cortex D) None of the above Correct Answer: B How many thoracic spinal nerves are in the human body? A) 8 B) 9 C) 12 D) None of the above Correct Answer: C In which region of the small intestine are most of the nutrients absorbed? A) The jejunum B) The ileum C) The duodenum D) None of the above Correct Answer: A Testes are an organ found in A) Females B) Plants C) Males D) Amoebas Correct Answer: C What are the two main parts of the human body's central nervous system? A) The heart and the spinal cord B) The brain and the spinal cord C) The peripheral nerves and the brain D) The spinal cord and the peripheral nerves Correct Answer: B When measuring blood pressure, the numbers represent: A) The systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively B) The diastolic and systolic pressures, respectively C) The pressure in the arteries and the veins, respectively D) None of the above Correct Answer: A The superior vena cava A) Ascends from the right atrium B) Ascends from the left atrium C) Descends from the right atrium D) None of the above Correct Answer: A The rectum is a part of : A) The anus B) The large intestine C) The small intestine D) None of the above Correct Answer: B Where does digestion start? A) The stomach B) The small intestine C) The mouth D) None of the above Correct Answer: C The large intestine mainly: A) Absorbs water B) Digests food C) Moves the food from the esophagus to the small intestine D) None of the above Correct Answer: A What is the name of the process that happens in the red bone marrow? A) Hematopoiesis B) Bone fusing C) Calcification D) None of the above Correct Answer: A The vertebral column protects the A) Brain B) Heart C) Spinal column D) None of the above Correct Answer: C In the digestive system, the majority of nutrients are absorbed in the: A) esophagus B) Stomach C) Small intestine D) Large intestine Correct Answer: C What are the motor units made of A) Motor neurons B) Muscle cells C) Tendons D) None of the above Correct Answer: B What is the name of a state of constant muscle contraction caused by rapid successive nerve signals? A) Tetanus B) Muscle tone C) Temporal summation D) None of the above Correct Answer: A Where does integration happen? A) ANS B) CNS C) PNS D) None of the above Correct Answer: B Which part of the PNS is accountable for the flight reaction? A) The parasympathetic B) The sympathetic C) The ENS D) None of the above Correct Answer: B People who suffer from Type I diabetes are lacking function in which organ? A) Liver B) Pancreas C) Stomach D) Heart Correct Answer: B In the human body, which of the following is responsible for clotting blood? A) Platelets B) White blood cells C) Red blood cells D) Osteoplasts Correct Answer: A The tidal volume is the amount of air moved during: A) Deep breathing B) Shallow breathing C) Coughing D) None of the above Correct Answer: B At what rate does a healthy heart pump blood while resting A) Around 3 liters per minute B) Around 5 liters per minute C) Around 8 liters per minute D) Around 10 liters per minute Correct Answer: B Which of the layers of the wall of the heart contains cardiac muscles? A) Myocardium B) Epicardium C) Endocardium D) All layers of the heart Correct Answer: A The heart chamber with the thickest wall is: A) The left atrium B) The right ventricle C) The right atrium D) The left ventricle Correct Answer: D The blood from the left ventricle goes to: A) The right ventricle B) The vena cava C) The aorta and aortic arch D) The lungs Correct Answer: C The blood vessels that carry the blood from the heart are called: A) Veins B) Venules C) Capillaries D) Arteries Correct Answer: D All of the following contribute material to semen except: A) The prostate B) Cowper's gland C) The penis D) The testes Correct Answer: C Fertilization typically takes place in the: A) Fallopian tubes B) Ovaries C) Uterus D) Cervix Correct Answer: A Which of the following statements about the placenta is not true? A) The placenta serves as part of the endocrine system because it releases hormones. B) The placenta provides nutrients to the fetus C) The placenta develops from the outer layer of cells on the blastocyst. D) The placenta is expelled during the menstrual cycle if fertilization does not take place Correct Answer: D Which gland(s) indirectly controls growth by acting on the pituitary? A) Hypothalamus B) Thyroid C) Adrenal glands D) Parathyroid glands Correct Answer: A Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristic? A) Melatonin B) Follicle-stimulating hormone C) Estrogen D) Testosterone Correct Answer: D A patient experiencing symptoms such as kidney stones and arthritis due to calcium imbalance probably has a disorder of which gland? A) Hypothalamus B) Thyroid C) Parathyroid D) Adrenal glands Correct Answer: C Food passes through all of the following organs except: A) Stomach B) Large intestine C) Esophagus D) Liver Correct Answer: D How many pair(s) of salivary glands are in the human body? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Correct Answer: C The esophagus performs all of the fowling functions exception: A) Connecting the pharynx to the stomach B) Preventing stomach acid from reaching the pharynx C) Pushing food into the stomach D) Moving food from the stomach to the small intestine Correct Answer: D Which layer of the stomach contains blood vessel and nerves A) The mucosa B) The submucosa C) The serosa D) The cardia Correct Answer: B Bile is stored in the A) LIVER B) duodenum C) Gallbladder D) Pancreas Correct Answer: C Which of the following forms the CNS with the brain? A) The peripheral nerves B) The sensory organs C) The spinal cord D) The cerebral cortex Correct Answer: C The part of the neuron that is mainly responsible for transporting information from the cell is called the A) Soma B) Axon C) Dendrites D) Sulci Correct Answer: B The neurons that signal muscles to contract are called A) Neuroglia B) Afferent neurons C) Interneurons D) Efferent neurons Correct Answer: D Cerebrospinal fluid can be found in all of the following except: A) Arachnoid mater B) The central canal C) The ventricles D) The subarachnoid space Correct Answer: A The hypothalamus is located in the: A) Mesencephalon B) Rhomb encephalon C) Pros encephalon D) Pineal gland Correct Answer: C Which type of muscle is found in the blood vessels? A) Cardiac muscle B) Skeletal muscle C) Visceral muscle D) Type IIA Correct Answer: C Cardiac muscle is : A) Involuntary muscle B) Voluntary muscle C) Both D) Neither Correct Answer: A Tendons always attach skeletal muscle to bone: A) Along the entire length of the bone B) At one end only C) At both ends D) On at least one end Correct Answer: D Myofibrils: A) Store sugars B) Are found only in smooth muscle C) Make up the sacrolemma D) Cause muscle contractions Correct Answer: D How many bones do adults have? A) 201 B) 206 C) 222 D) 300 Correct Answer: B Which is the strongest type of skeletal muscle? A) Type I B) Type II A C) Type II B D) Type III Correct Answer: C Stem cells can be found in the: A) Red bone marrow B) periosteum C) Compact bones D) Cartilaginous joints Correct Answer: A The long bones are the main bones of the A) Limbs B) Thoracic cage C) Scull D) Vertebral column Correct Answer: A The jawbone is called the A) mandible B) Cranium C) Hyoid D) Ulna Correct Answer: A The primary opening for breathing in and out is: A) The nose B) The mouth C) The skin pores D) The pharynx Correct Answer: A The second vertebral in the chest region is called: A) L2 B) L3 C) T2 D) T3 Correct Answer: C The air that we breathe in through the mouth enters the throat at the: A) Nasopharynx B) Oropharynx C) Laryngopharynx D) Larynx Correct Answer: B The air that we breathe in through the mouth enters the throat at the: A) Nasopharynx B) Oropharynx C) Laryngopharynx D) Larynx Correct Answer: D How many lobes does the left lung have? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Correct Answer: B Bronchioles branch from the: A) Primary bronchi B) Secondary bronchi C) Tertiary bronchi D) Quaternary bronchi Correct Answer: C At what rate does a healthy heart pump blood while resting? A) Around 3 liters per minute B) Around 5 liters per minute C) Around 8 liters per minute D) Around 10 liters per minute Correct Answer: B