NR 283 Pathophysiology UNIT 6 CHAPTER 16

NR 283 Pathophysiology UNIT 6 CHAPTER 16 Unit 6 – Chapter 16 Outline Endocrine 1. What is the difference between steroidal and non-steroidal hormones? (p. 403) • Steroids are lipids that enter the cell and nucleus and act directly in the nucleus to engage in transcription (messenger RNA). • Non-steroidal needs a second messenger system to finally activate the formation of mRNA. 2. How are hormones most frequently controlled? (p. 403-404) • They are controlled by a negative feedback mechanism. • For example, as levels of glucose increase the secretion of insulin increases. When the glucose levels decrease, insulin secretion decreases 3. For each hormone, list the secreting organ or gland and the primary action: (p. 404) a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Secreting gland: Pituitary • Source: Adenohypophysis • Primary action: Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete primarily cortisol. b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Secreting gland: Pituitary • Source: Adenohypophysis • Primary action: stimulates thyroid gland c. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) • Secreting gland: Pituitary-posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) • Primary action: Increase reabsorption of water in kidney d. Insulin • Secreting organ: Pancreas- beta cells of islet of Langerhans • Primary action: Transport of glucose and other substance into cells. Lowers blood glucose level.