Fundies Ch 1: Intro to Nursing study guide with complete solutions

Fundies Ch 1: Intro to Nursing health -state of optimal functioning or well-being -subjective state licensure to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements nurse practice act law established to regulate nursing practice nursing profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health nursing process 5 step systematic method for giving patient care -assessing -diagnosing -planning -implementing -evaluating profession an occupation that meets specific criteria including: -a well defined body of specific and unique knowledge -code of ethics and standards -ongoing research -autonomy reciprocity process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state standards acceptable, expected level or performance established by authority, custom, or consent nurses act as a bridge between extremely vulnerable public and health care resources that can make the difference between life and death, health and disease/disability, and well being and discomfort the science of nursing is _______________ and the art of nursing is ________________ -the knowledge base for the care that is given -the skilled application of that knowledge to help others achieve maximum health and quality of life theory of animism -attempted to explain the cause of mysterious changes in bodily fluids -based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power Greek civilizations used ______________ as centers of medical care because _____________ -temples -the belief that illness was caused by sin and the gods' displeasure the ancient Hebrews developed rules through the ______________ and _____________ for ____________, _______________, and ____________ -Ten Commandments -Mosaic Health Code -ethical human relationships -mental health -disease control "deaconesses" -early Christian period -women made first organized visits to sick people -members of male religious orders gave nursing care and buried the dead Both male and female nursing orders were founded during ___________. ____________ were built for the enormous number of pilgrims needing health care and nursing became a _____________ -The Crusades (11th to 13th centuries) -hospitals -respected vocation women convicted of crimes were ________________ recruited into nursing instead of serving jail sentences; poor reputation, low pay, and long hours in unfavorable conditions Florence Nightingale -mid 19th and 20th centuries -had success as nurse during Crimean war and military hospital in turkey -gained much respect and status for nurses -established 1st school of nursing and wrote books about healthcare Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing -Identifying personal needs of the patient and role of the nurse in meeting those needs -Establishing standards for hospital management -Establishing a respected occupation for women -Establishing nursing education -Recognizing the two components of nursing: health and illness -Believing that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine -Recognizing that nutrition is important to health -Instituting occupational and recreational therapy for sick people -Stressing the need for continuing education for nurses -Maintaining accurate records, recognized as the beginnings of nursing research schools of nursing, founded in connection with hospitals, were established on ________________, but the training they provided was based more on _____________ -the beliefs of Nightingale -apprenticeship than on educational principles _______________, __________________, and ________________ combined to contribute to several decades of slow progress toward professionalism in nursing -lack of educational standards -male dominance in health care -the old belief that women were subordinate to men WW2 created a need for nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology, which broadened the role of nurses after WW2, schools of nursing were based on educational objectives and were increasingly developed in university and college settings, leading to degrees in nursing for women, men, and minorities increased emphasis on nursing knowledge as the base for evidence-based practice (EBP) has led to the growth of nursing as a professional discipline nurse -latin word "nutrix", meaning "to nourish" -most definitions describe the person as someone who nourishes, fosters, protects, and who is prepared to take care of those who are sick, injured, and aged International Council of Nurses definition of nursing -autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well and in all settings -promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of the ill, disabled, and dying -advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping healthy policy and in patient and health systems management, and education American Nurses Association (ANA) definition of nursing -protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities -prevention of illness and injury -alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response -advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations ANA's "Nursing's Social Policy Statement" describes -social context of nursing -knowledge base for nursing practice -scope of nursing practice -standards of professional nursing practice -regulation of professional nursing 4 broad aims of nursing practice -to promote health -to prevent illness -to restore health -to facilitate coping with disability or death caregiver -primary role of nurse -care of patients that combines art and science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs -integrates roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and coping with disability or death communicator use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings teacher/educator use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families counselor use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem solving and decision making skills leader the assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning within groups researcher the participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care advocate protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives collaborator effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care WHO's definition of health includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity well-being -often associated with health -active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promote good physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health factors that may affect a person's health -genetic inheritance -cognitive abilities -educational level -race and ethnicity -gender and age -culture -developmental level -lifestyle -environment -socioeconomic status health literacy the ability of patients to obtain, process, and understand the basic information needed to make appropriate decisions about health goals of health promotion guidelines -attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death -achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of all groups -create social and physical environments that promote good health for all -promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all stages of life 12 leading health indicators used to measure health of a nation -access to health services -clinical preventative services -environmental quality -injury and violence -maternal, infant, and child health -mental health -nutrition, physical activity, and obesity -oral health -reproductive and sexual health -social determinants -substance abuse -tobacco