AP Biology Exam(100% correct)
Resting membrane potential depends on which of the following(s)?
I. Active transport
II. Selective permeability
III. Differential distribution of ions across the anxonal membrane - Answer All three. The
resting potential depends on active transport (the Na+K+ATPase pump) and the
selective permeability of the axon membrane to K+ than to Na+, which leads to a
differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane
Mitosis - Answer The division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically
identical to each other and to their parent cell
Stages of mitosis - Answer Interphase (G1),S=DNA replication, Late interphase (G3),
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase,Telophase, Cytokensis
Interphase (Mitosis) - Answer G1 (1st growth) 1 centriol Choromotids Cells spend most
of life in this phase
Late Interphase (mitosis) - Answer G2 (2nd growth) 2 centriols Sister chromatids Cells
spend most of life in this phase
Prophase (mitosis) - Answer Spindle fibers form Nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase (mitosis) - Answer Chromosomes line up in center along the metaphase
plate Spindle fibers are attached
Anaphase (mitosis) - Answer Spindle fibers begin to shorten, pulling chromotids appart.
Telophase (mitosis) - Answer Cleavage furrow forms Chromotids pull to opppsote ends
Nuclear envelope begins to form
Cytokenesis - Answer Cytoplasm divides and cells membrane pinched into 2 separate
cells Exact copies of cell we began with
Meiosis - Answer The process by which a single parent diploid cell (Botb homologous
chromosomes) divides to produce four daughter haploid cells (One homologous
chromosome of the pair). Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs
and sleek) are produced.
The Krebs cycle in humans releases
a. carbon dioxide
b. pyruvate
c. glucose
d. lactic acid - Answer A. The Krebs cycle releases carbon dioxide as the carbon
molecules are broken down and electron carriers are generated. Glucose is at the start
of glycolysis and pyruvate is at the end of glycolysis. Lactic acid is generated through
fermentation.
, AP Biology Exam(100% correct)
What is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher concentration-against the concentration gradient;
requires cellular energy to achieve this movement - Answer Active transport
A property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the
cell; can occur actively or passively - Answer Selective permeability
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid - Answer
Glycolysis
Fermentation - Answer Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
lactic acid fermentation - Answer creates ATP, which is a molecular both animal and
bacteria need for energy, when there is no oxygen present. This process breaks down
glucose into two lactate molecules. Then lactate and hydrogen form lactic acid. Lactic
acid fermentation provides an alternative way to generate energy when normal cellular
respiration is not possible.
A heterotroph
a. obtains its energy from sunlight, harnessed by pigments
b. obtains its energy from catabolizing organicmolecules
c. makes organic molecules from CO2
d. obtains its energy by consuming exclusively autotrophs - Answer B. A heterotraph
obtains its energy from organic molecules. An autotroph obtains energy from sunlight
utilizing pigments such as chlorophyll and uses CO2 and water to make organic
molecules. Heterotrophs can obtain their energy from ingesting autotrophs, but they can
also consume other heterotrophs.
Regarding meiosis and mitosis, one difference between the two forms of cellular
reproduction is that in meiosis
a. there is one round of cell division, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell
division
b. separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division, whereas in mitosis
separation of sister chromatids occurring during the first division
c. chromonsomes are replicated during interphase, whereas in mitosis chromosomes
are replicated during the first phase of mitosis
d. spindle fibers form during interphase, whereas in mitosis the spindle fibers form
during prophase - Answer B. In meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during the
second metaphase of meiosis (Meiosis II), whereas the sister chromatids separate
during metaphase of mitosis.
A feature of amino acids that is NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence of
a. carbon atoms
b. oxygen atoms
c. nitrogen atoms
Resting membrane potential depends on which of the following(s)?
I. Active transport
II. Selective permeability
III. Differential distribution of ions across the anxonal membrane - Answer All three. The
resting potential depends on active transport (the Na+K+ATPase pump) and the
selective permeability of the axon membrane to K+ than to Na+, which leads to a
differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane
Mitosis - Answer The division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically
identical to each other and to their parent cell
Stages of mitosis - Answer Interphase (G1),S=DNA replication, Late interphase (G3),
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase,Telophase, Cytokensis
Interphase (Mitosis) - Answer G1 (1st growth) 1 centriol Choromotids Cells spend most
of life in this phase
Late Interphase (mitosis) - Answer G2 (2nd growth) 2 centriols Sister chromatids Cells
spend most of life in this phase
Prophase (mitosis) - Answer Spindle fibers form Nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase (mitosis) - Answer Chromosomes line up in center along the metaphase
plate Spindle fibers are attached
Anaphase (mitosis) - Answer Spindle fibers begin to shorten, pulling chromotids appart.
Telophase (mitosis) - Answer Cleavage furrow forms Chromotids pull to opppsote ends
Nuclear envelope begins to form
Cytokenesis - Answer Cytoplasm divides and cells membrane pinched into 2 separate
cells Exact copies of cell we began with
Meiosis - Answer The process by which a single parent diploid cell (Botb homologous
chromosomes) divides to produce four daughter haploid cells (One homologous
chromosome of the pair). Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs
and sleek) are produced.
The Krebs cycle in humans releases
a. carbon dioxide
b. pyruvate
c. glucose
d. lactic acid - Answer A. The Krebs cycle releases carbon dioxide as the carbon
molecules are broken down and electron carriers are generated. Glucose is at the start
of glycolysis and pyruvate is at the end of glycolysis. Lactic acid is generated through
fermentation.
, AP Biology Exam(100% correct)
What is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher concentration-against the concentration gradient;
requires cellular energy to achieve this movement - Answer Active transport
A property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the
cell; can occur actively or passively - Answer Selective permeability
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid - Answer
Glycolysis
Fermentation - Answer Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
lactic acid fermentation - Answer creates ATP, which is a molecular both animal and
bacteria need for energy, when there is no oxygen present. This process breaks down
glucose into two lactate molecules. Then lactate and hydrogen form lactic acid. Lactic
acid fermentation provides an alternative way to generate energy when normal cellular
respiration is not possible.
A heterotroph
a. obtains its energy from sunlight, harnessed by pigments
b. obtains its energy from catabolizing organicmolecules
c. makes organic molecules from CO2
d. obtains its energy by consuming exclusively autotrophs - Answer B. A heterotraph
obtains its energy from organic molecules. An autotroph obtains energy from sunlight
utilizing pigments such as chlorophyll and uses CO2 and water to make organic
molecules. Heterotrophs can obtain their energy from ingesting autotrophs, but they can
also consume other heterotrophs.
Regarding meiosis and mitosis, one difference between the two forms of cellular
reproduction is that in meiosis
a. there is one round of cell division, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell
division
b. separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division, whereas in mitosis
separation of sister chromatids occurring during the first division
c. chromonsomes are replicated during interphase, whereas in mitosis chromosomes
are replicated during the first phase of mitosis
d. spindle fibers form during interphase, whereas in mitosis the spindle fibers form
during prophase - Answer B. In meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during the
second metaphase of meiosis (Meiosis II), whereas the sister chromatids separate
during metaphase of mitosis.
A feature of amino acids that is NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence of
a. carbon atoms
b. oxygen atoms
c. nitrogen atoms
