Chapter 7 Innate Immunity Questions
1. 1.ID: 18662104380
Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier?
A. Antibacterial fatty acids
B. Lysozymes in tears
C. Epithelial cells Correct
Epithelial cells form tight junctions that are a physical barrier to entry for organisms.
Sebaceous glands in the skin secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids. Earwax
and lysozymes in tears are examples of biochemical secretions that trap potential
disease-causing microorganisms.
D. Earwax
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 18662104374
Which statement is true regarding the inflammatory response?
A. Inflammatory response is the third line of defense.
B. Inflammatory response relies on cellular components only
C. Inflammatory response generates a nonspecific response. Correct
The inflammatory response is the second line of defense. It occurs at the site of
tissue injury and generates a nonspecific response that involves cellular and
chemical components. The inflammatory response occurs in tissues with a blood
supply (vascularized).
D. Inflammatory response occurs in nonvascular tissue.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3. 3.ID: 18662104392
Which complement factor is considered an anaphylatoxin?
A. C3a Correct
C3a, C5a, and C4a are anaphylatoxins. They can induce the rapid degranulation of
mast cells and the release of histamine.
B. C1
C. C7
D. C9
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4. 4.ID: 18662104398
Which receptor is expressed on macrophages and facilitates recognition and
phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens?
A. Complement receptors
B. Scavenger receptors Correct
The scavenger receptors are primarily expressed on macrophages and facilitate
recognition and phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens. Complement receptors
recognize a variety of fragments produced through activation of the complement
system. Toll-like receptors are expressed on the surface of cells, including epithelial,
mast, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. They recognize
, pathogen-associated molecular patterns or stressed host cells. Pattern recognition
receptors recognize patterns of infectious molecules. These receptors are found on
cells involved in innate resistance.
C. Toll-like receptors
D. Pattern recognition receptors
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5. 5.ID: 18662104390
Which statement regarding mast cells is true?
A. Histamine causes vasoconstriction.
B. Mast cells are found only in blood vessels.
C. Snake bites, bee venoms, and toxins may cause activation. Correct
A number of things cause the activation of mast cells, including physical injury,
chemical agents (including toxins, bee venom, and snake bites), immunologic
means, and activation of an inflammatory response. Histamine is released from mast
cells and causes vasodilation. Mast cells are found in loose connective tissue close to
blood vessels. Mast cells are involved in initiating many allergic reactions.
D. Mast cells are not involved in allergic reactions.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6. 6.ID: 18662104394
Which term describes an acidic sulfur-containing lipid that produces effects similar to
histamine?
A. Leukotriene Correct
Leukotrienes act similar to histamine and cause smooth muscle contraction,
increased vascular permeability, and chemotaxis. Prostaglandins cause increased
vascular permeability, chemotaxis, and pain. Adhesion molecules increase the
stickiness between cells. Phagocyte cells ingest and dispose of foreign material.
B. Prostaglandin
C. Adhesion molecule
D. Phagocyte
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7. 7.ID: 18662104376
Which statement is true regarding neutrophils?
A. Neutrophils are agranular.
B. Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes of early
inflammation. Correct
Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes of early inflammation. They arrive
before lymphocytes and macrophages. Monocytes are the largest blood cells and are
granular.
C. Neutrophils are the largest blood cells.
D. Neutrophils enter the site of injury after lymphocytes and
macrophages.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8. 8.ID: 18662104700
, What biochemical messenger is produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in
response to a bacterial pathogen?
A. Interleukins Correct
Interleukins are biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and
lymphocytes in response to a bacterial pathogen. Interferons primarily protect
against viral infections. Chemokines induce leukocyte chemotaxis. Tumor necrosis
factor, produced by macrophages and lymphocytes, induces a multitude of
proinflammatory effects including the enhancement of endothelial cell adhesion.
B. Interferons
C. Chemokines
D. Tumor necrosis factor
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9. 9.ID: 18662104384
Chronic inflammation is characterized by a(an)
A. lack of giant cells.
B. absence of exudate.
C. dense infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages. Correct
Chronic inflammation is characterized by a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes and
macrophages. Giant cells are multinucleated cells that are formed by fused
macrophages during granuloma formation. Chronic inflammation often results in pus
formation, purulent discharge, and incomplete wound healing. Chronic inflammation
of any cause lasts longer than 2 weeks.
D. inflammation that lasts less than 2 weeks.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
10. 10.ID: 18662104386
Which are not natural barriers?
A. Physical
B. Resistance Correct
Resistance is a means by which the body may avoid being infected, but it is not a
natural barrier. The natural barriers include physical, biochemical, and mechanical,
as well as inflammation at the body’s surfaces.
C. Biochemical
D. Mechanical
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
11. 11.ID: 18662104388
Which characteristics are observable of vascular injury and inflammation? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Redness Correct
B. Coolness to the touch
C. Warmth to the touch Correct
D. Increased swelling Correct
E. Pain Correct
1. 1.ID: 18662104380
Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier?
A. Antibacterial fatty acids
B. Lysozymes in tears
C. Epithelial cells Correct
Epithelial cells form tight junctions that are a physical barrier to entry for organisms.
Sebaceous glands in the skin secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids. Earwax
and lysozymes in tears are examples of biochemical secretions that trap potential
disease-causing microorganisms.
D. Earwax
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 18662104374
Which statement is true regarding the inflammatory response?
A. Inflammatory response is the third line of defense.
B. Inflammatory response relies on cellular components only
C. Inflammatory response generates a nonspecific response. Correct
The inflammatory response is the second line of defense. It occurs at the site of
tissue injury and generates a nonspecific response that involves cellular and
chemical components. The inflammatory response occurs in tissues with a blood
supply (vascularized).
D. Inflammatory response occurs in nonvascular tissue.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3. 3.ID: 18662104392
Which complement factor is considered an anaphylatoxin?
A. C3a Correct
C3a, C5a, and C4a are anaphylatoxins. They can induce the rapid degranulation of
mast cells and the release of histamine.
B. C1
C. C7
D. C9
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4. 4.ID: 18662104398
Which receptor is expressed on macrophages and facilitates recognition and
phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens?
A. Complement receptors
B. Scavenger receptors Correct
The scavenger receptors are primarily expressed on macrophages and facilitate
recognition and phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens. Complement receptors
recognize a variety of fragments produced through activation of the complement
system. Toll-like receptors are expressed on the surface of cells, including epithelial,
mast, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. They recognize
, pathogen-associated molecular patterns or stressed host cells. Pattern recognition
receptors recognize patterns of infectious molecules. These receptors are found on
cells involved in innate resistance.
C. Toll-like receptors
D. Pattern recognition receptors
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5. 5.ID: 18662104390
Which statement regarding mast cells is true?
A. Histamine causes vasoconstriction.
B. Mast cells are found only in blood vessels.
C. Snake bites, bee venoms, and toxins may cause activation. Correct
A number of things cause the activation of mast cells, including physical injury,
chemical agents (including toxins, bee venom, and snake bites), immunologic
means, and activation of an inflammatory response. Histamine is released from mast
cells and causes vasodilation. Mast cells are found in loose connective tissue close to
blood vessels. Mast cells are involved in initiating many allergic reactions.
D. Mast cells are not involved in allergic reactions.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6. 6.ID: 18662104394
Which term describes an acidic sulfur-containing lipid that produces effects similar to
histamine?
A. Leukotriene Correct
Leukotrienes act similar to histamine and cause smooth muscle contraction,
increased vascular permeability, and chemotaxis. Prostaglandins cause increased
vascular permeability, chemotaxis, and pain. Adhesion molecules increase the
stickiness between cells. Phagocyte cells ingest and dispose of foreign material.
B. Prostaglandin
C. Adhesion molecule
D. Phagocyte
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7. 7.ID: 18662104376
Which statement is true regarding neutrophils?
A. Neutrophils are agranular.
B. Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes of early
inflammation. Correct
Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes of early inflammation. They arrive
before lymphocytes and macrophages. Monocytes are the largest blood cells and are
granular.
C. Neutrophils are the largest blood cells.
D. Neutrophils enter the site of injury after lymphocytes and
macrophages.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8. 8.ID: 18662104700
, What biochemical messenger is produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in
response to a bacterial pathogen?
A. Interleukins Correct
Interleukins are biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and
lymphocytes in response to a bacterial pathogen. Interferons primarily protect
against viral infections. Chemokines induce leukocyte chemotaxis. Tumor necrosis
factor, produced by macrophages and lymphocytes, induces a multitude of
proinflammatory effects including the enhancement of endothelial cell adhesion.
B. Interferons
C. Chemokines
D. Tumor necrosis factor
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9. 9.ID: 18662104384
Chronic inflammation is characterized by a(an)
A. lack of giant cells.
B. absence of exudate.
C. dense infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages. Correct
Chronic inflammation is characterized by a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes and
macrophages. Giant cells are multinucleated cells that are formed by fused
macrophages during granuloma formation. Chronic inflammation often results in pus
formation, purulent discharge, and incomplete wound healing. Chronic inflammation
of any cause lasts longer than 2 weeks.
D. inflammation that lasts less than 2 weeks.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
10. 10.ID: 18662104386
Which are not natural barriers?
A. Physical
B. Resistance Correct
Resistance is a means by which the body may avoid being infected, but it is not a
natural barrier. The natural barriers include physical, biochemical, and mechanical,
as well as inflammation at the body’s surfaces.
C. Biochemical
D. Mechanical
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
11. 11.ID: 18662104388
Which characteristics are observable of vascular injury and inflammation? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Redness Correct
B. Coolness to the touch
C. Warmth to the touch Correct
D. Increased swelling Correct
E. Pain Correct
