Respiratory System
Cardiovascular Review
1. Arteries- Carry oxygenated blood
2. Aorta- Receives blood from the left ventricle
3. Vena Cava- Returns blood to the right atrium
4. Capillaries- Where exchange of O2, CO2, ions and wastes take place
5. Mitral Valve- Controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle
6. Pulmonary Artery- Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Order of blood flow (not all features mentioned)
1. Right ventricle
2. Pulmonary Artery
3. Left Atrium
4. Mitral Valve
5. Aortic Valve
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Respiratory System
Functions
Primary Function
o Respiration
External
Where gas exchange takes place between air in our lungs and our blood
Internal
Gas exchange between blood and cells in the body
Cellular respiration
o Glucose + O2 ->> Energy ->> CO2 + Water
Secondary Function
o Vocalization
Air passes over larynx, vibrating vocal chords and forming sounds
o Temperature Regulation
i.e. Panting to expel heat or fewer inhalations to conserve heat
o Acid-base regulation
Chemical control system monitors O2 and CO2 levels in blood (pH) & adjusts
respiratory rate to help compensate
If there is too much CO2, blood becomes too acidic- solution is to breathe more
and bring in more O2 to balance the pH levels (body likes balance)
Breathing Mechanics
1. Diaphragm contracts caudally, creating space in thoracic cavity, creating lower pressure, and
allowing air into lungs
2. Gas exchange- High to low diffusion
3. Diaphragm relaxes cranially, reducing space in thoracic cavity, creating higher pressure, and
pushing air out of lungs
4. Repeat
Respiratory centre of the brain controls the diaphragm and sets baseline for rate and depth of
respiration.
Cardiovascular Review
1. Arteries- Carry oxygenated blood
2. Aorta- Receives blood from the left ventricle
3. Vena Cava- Returns blood to the right atrium
4. Capillaries- Where exchange of O2, CO2, ions and wastes take place
5. Mitral Valve- Controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle
6. Pulmonary Artery- Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Order of blood flow (not all features mentioned)
1. Right ventricle
2. Pulmonary Artery
3. Left Atrium
4. Mitral Valve
5. Aortic Valve
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Respiratory System
Functions
Primary Function
o Respiration
External
Where gas exchange takes place between air in our lungs and our blood
Internal
Gas exchange between blood and cells in the body
Cellular respiration
o Glucose + O2 ->> Energy ->> CO2 + Water
Secondary Function
o Vocalization
Air passes over larynx, vibrating vocal chords and forming sounds
o Temperature Regulation
i.e. Panting to expel heat or fewer inhalations to conserve heat
o Acid-base regulation
Chemical control system monitors O2 and CO2 levels in blood (pH) & adjusts
respiratory rate to help compensate
If there is too much CO2, blood becomes too acidic- solution is to breathe more
and bring in more O2 to balance the pH levels (body likes balance)
Breathing Mechanics
1. Diaphragm contracts caudally, creating space in thoracic cavity, creating lower pressure, and
allowing air into lungs
2. Gas exchange- High to low diffusion
3. Diaphragm relaxes cranially, reducing space in thoracic cavity, creating higher pressure, and
pushing air out of lungs
4. Repeat
Respiratory centre of the brain controls the diaphragm and sets baseline for rate and depth of
respiration.
