HAND INSTRUMENTS
1. CUTTING
- Excavators (hatches, hoes, angle formers, and spoon)
- Chisels is used for cutting enamel (straight chisels, curved chisels, bin-angle chisels, enamel
hatchets, and gingival margin trimmers)
2. NON-CUTTING
- Amalgam condensers
- Mirrors
- Explorers
- Probes
NOTES:
Hand instruments are composed of three parts
HANDLE
SHANK
BLADE
Many non-cutting instruments, the part corresponding to the blade is termed NIB
The of the nib or working surface is known as FACE
The blade or nib is the working end of the instruments and is connected to the handle by the shank.
HANDLES
Available in various sizes and shape
Most instruments are small in diameter (5.5mm) and light (North America)
They are commonly eight-sided and knurled to facilitate control
SHANKS
Serve to connect the handles to the working ends of the instruments
Normally smooth, round, and tapered
Have one or more bends to overcome the tendency of the instrument to twist while in use when force is applied
BLADES
Blade edge must not be off-axis by more than 1 to 2 mm
SHANK ANGLES
Black classified instruments on the basis of the number of shanks angles as MON-ANGLES (1), BIN-ANGLE (2),
TRIPLE ANGLE (3)
Instruments with small, short blades may be easily designed in mon-angle form while confining the cutting edge
within the required limit;;
Instruments with longer blades or more complex orientations may require two or three angles in the shank o
bring the cutting edge close to the long axis of the handled (contra-angled)
NAMES
Black classified all of the instruments by name.
Black’s classification system by instruments name categorized instruments by
Function
Manner of use
Design of the working end
Shape of the shank
FORMULAS
1. CUTTING
- Excavators (hatches, hoes, angle formers, and spoon)
- Chisels is used for cutting enamel (straight chisels, curved chisels, bin-angle chisels, enamel
hatchets, and gingival margin trimmers)
2. NON-CUTTING
- Amalgam condensers
- Mirrors
- Explorers
- Probes
NOTES:
Hand instruments are composed of three parts
HANDLE
SHANK
BLADE
Many non-cutting instruments, the part corresponding to the blade is termed NIB
The of the nib or working surface is known as FACE
The blade or nib is the working end of the instruments and is connected to the handle by the shank.
HANDLES
Available in various sizes and shape
Most instruments are small in diameter (5.5mm) and light (North America)
They are commonly eight-sided and knurled to facilitate control
SHANKS
Serve to connect the handles to the working ends of the instruments
Normally smooth, round, and tapered
Have one or more bends to overcome the tendency of the instrument to twist while in use when force is applied
BLADES
Blade edge must not be off-axis by more than 1 to 2 mm
SHANK ANGLES
Black classified instruments on the basis of the number of shanks angles as MON-ANGLES (1), BIN-ANGLE (2),
TRIPLE ANGLE (3)
Instruments with small, short blades may be easily designed in mon-angle form while confining the cutting edge
within the required limit;;
Instruments with longer blades or more complex orientations may require two or three angles in the shank o
bring the cutting edge close to the long axis of the handled (contra-angled)
NAMES
Black classified all of the instruments by name.
Black’s classification system by instruments name categorized instruments by
Function
Manner of use
Design of the working end
Shape of the shank
FORMULAS
