JUSTICE
MORAL REASONING/ MORAL PRINCIPLES balance of pleasure over pain,
1. CONSEQUENTIALIST: Locates morality in happiness over suffering)
the consequences of an act. In the state of the b. Utilitarian Philosophers---John
world that will result from the thing that you Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham
do. PRINCIPLE OF MAXIMIZING UTILITY
a. Reasons having to do with the All human beings are governed by sovereign
intrinsic (innate) quality of the act masters--PAIN AND PLEASURE--
itself. Humans like pleasure = Humans dislike pain
-----> The right thing to do individually or
2. CATEGORICAL: Locates morality in certain collectively is to maximize, act in a way
absolute moral requirements in certain that maximizes the overall level of
categorical duties and rights regardless of the happiness.
consequences. Bentham’s Utilitarianism: “The greatest
good for the greatest number.”
*THE MOST INFLUENTIAL EXAMPLE OF
CONSEQUENTIAL MORAL REASONING IS Why would consent make a moral
UTILITARIANISM. difference?
*THE MOST IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHER OF The Queen vs Dudley and Stephens (1884) (The
CATEGORICAL MORAL REASONING IS Lifeboat Case)
EMMANUEL KANT.
Criminal Law-Murder-killing and eating the flesh of
A. 18th Century German Philosopher
human body under the pressure of Hunger-necessity-
special verdict-certiorari-offense on high
*MORAL REASONING CAN BE A WAY OF
seas-jurisdiction of the high court.
PERSUADING OTHER PEOPLE. BUT IT IS ALSO
A WAY OF SORTING OUT OUR OWN MORAL
NOTES:
CONVICTIONS, OF FIGURING OUT WHAT WE
1. A. In the case of GUILTY OF
BELIEVE AND WHY.
MURDER ---> No proof of any
necessity that could justify the
*CONFLICTING MORAL PRINCIPLES ------>
prisoners in killing the boy.
MORAL DILEMMAS
B. The law is that a private person
acting upon his own judgment takes
*Locate the morality of an act in the consequences
the life of a fellow creature can be
in the results, in the state of the world that it
justified on the grounds of ---->
brought it about. ------> CONSEQUENTIALIST
SELF-DEFENCE.
MORAL REASON
SELF-DEFENCE:
*Not just consequences but the intrinsic quality or
a. This law has been extended to
character of the act matters morally.
include cases of a man killing
----> some people argue that there are certain things
another to prevent him from
that are categorically wrong even if they bring about
committing some great crime
good results (ex. Saving 5 lives at the cost of 1). ---->
upon a third person.
CATEGORICAL MORAL REASONING
b. NO APPLICATION TO THE
MORAL REASONING/ MORAL PRINCIPLES balance of pleasure over pain,
1. CONSEQUENTIALIST: Locates morality in happiness over suffering)
the consequences of an act. In the state of the b. Utilitarian Philosophers---John
world that will result from the thing that you Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham
do. PRINCIPLE OF MAXIMIZING UTILITY
a. Reasons having to do with the All human beings are governed by sovereign
intrinsic (innate) quality of the act masters--PAIN AND PLEASURE--
itself. Humans like pleasure = Humans dislike pain
-----> The right thing to do individually or
2. CATEGORICAL: Locates morality in certain collectively is to maximize, act in a way
absolute moral requirements in certain that maximizes the overall level of
categorical duties and rights regardless of the happiness.
consequences. Bentham’s Utilitarianism: “The greatest
good for the greatest number.”
*THE MOST INFLUENTIAL EXAMPLE OF
CONSEQUENTIAL MORAL REASONING IS Why would consent make a moral
UTILITARIANISM. difference?
*THE MOST IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHER OF The Queen vs Dudley and Stephens (1884) (The
CATEGORICAL MORAL REASONING IS Lifeboat Case)
EMMANUEL KANT.
Criminal Law-Murder-killing and eating the flesh of
A. 18th Century German Philosopher
human body under the pressure of Hunger-necessity-
special verdict-certiorari-offense on high
*MORAL REASONING CAN BE A WAY OF
seas-jurisdiction of the high court.
PERSUADING OTHER PEOPLE. BUT IT IS ALSO
A WAY OF SORTING OUT OUR OWN MORAL
NOTES:
CONVICTIONS, OF FIGURING OUT WHAT WE
1. A. In the case of GUILTY OF
BELIEVE AND WHY.
MURDER ---> No proof of any
necessity that could justify the
*CONFLICTING MORAL PRINCIPLES ------>
prisoners in killing the boy.
MORAL DILEMMAS
B. The law is that a private person
acting upon his own judgment takes
*Locate the morality of an act in the consequences
the life of a fellow creature can be
in the results, in the state of the world that it
justified on the grounds of ---->
brought it about. ------> CONSEQUENTIALIST
SELF-DEFENCE.
MORAL REASON
SELF-DEFENCE:
*Not just consequences but the intrinsic quality or
a. This law has been extended to
character of the act matters morally.
include cases of a man killing
----> some people argue that there are certain things
another to prevent him from
that are categorically wrong even if they bring about
committing some great crime
good results (ex. Saving 5 lives at the cost of 1). ---->
upon a third person.
CATEGORICAL MORAL REASONING
b. NO APPLICATION TO THE
