NR 507 FINAL EXAM 1- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS March 2022

a. Screen individuals for high risk of cancer 25. Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection? a. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections 26. Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection? a. Vaginal PH becomes more acidic 27. The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term? a. Prevalence 28. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? a. Obesity 29. Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n): a. Corpus luteum 30. The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder? a. Rickets 31. What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? a. Tolerance 32. Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: a. Sodium 33. Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke? a. Embolic 34. Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? a. Sensitivity at the tender points and profound fatigue 35. Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? a. Heat exhaustion 36. What is the leading cause of infertility in women? a. Polycistic ovary syndrome 37. Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone? a. Insulin 38. What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? a. Anterior pituitary 39. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? a. REduction in the number of low density lipoprotein receptors on cell surfaces 40. Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk? a. Modifiable 41. Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction? a. Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation 42. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism? a. fourfold 43. Which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones? a. LH 44. A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome? a. Klinefelter 45. Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? a. Auditory hallucinations 46. What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language? a. Aphasia 47. Consanguinity refers to the mating of persons: a. Having common family relations 48. The major sleep center is located in which section of the brain? a. Hypothalamus 49. Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles? a. Calcium 50. Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means? a. Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder 51. A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months? a. 6 months 52. What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? a. Periorbital edema 53. An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? a. Alpha fetoprotein 54. What is the risk for the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases? a. 50% 55. Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact? a. Subluxation 56. The tear in a ligament is referred to as a: a. Sprain 57. Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults? a. Fluid reserves are smaller in children 58. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? a. Ovarian 59. Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell? a. Potassium 60. What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels? a. Joint capsue 61. Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? a. Cortisol 62. The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? a. IG A 63. The sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder? a. Night terrors 64. What is the basic structural unit in compact bone? a. Haversian system 65. Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s: a. Basal ganglia 66. Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? a. GCT 67. Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IG A 68. What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? a. Pathologic 69. An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and draws up the knees. Vomiting occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. Based on these data, which disorder does the nurse suspect? a. Intussception 70. In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by: a. Physiologic hormonal delays 71. Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers? a. Fast conduction velocities 72. Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder? a. Alzheimer disease 73. Which hormone triggers uterine contractions? a. Oxytocin 74. How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature? a. It raises the metabolic rate 75. Which hormone is