Chapter 3 Medical Surgical Nursing Concepts and
Practice Dewit
1. Acidosis: Excess acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the blood
and body tissues
2. Acidosis levels: pH below 7.35
3. Active Transport: Energy-requiring process that moves material
across a cell membrane against a concentration difference, active
transport may move sub- stances from an area of lower concentration
to an area of higher concentration.
4. Aldosterone: "salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention
of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which
promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
5. Alkalosis: excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the
blood and body fluids
6. Alkalosis: pH > 7.45
7. Anions: negatively charged ions
8. Cations: positively charged ions
9. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): released by the posterior pituitary,
controls how much fluid leaves the body in the urine and causes
reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules
10.Ascites: abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
11.Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): released to stimulate renal
vasodilation when there's too much volume and suppress
Aldosterone. Increases urinary output. Congestive heart failure
patients have high levels of ANP.
12.Carpopedal spasm (Trousseau Sign): A spasm of the hand, thumbs,
foot, or toes that accompanies tetany.
13.Dehydration: water moves from the cells into interstitial and
intravascular spaces, this movement of water out of the cells
causes:
14.Diffusion: process by which substances move across the
1/
, membranes until they are evenly distributed in the available space
15.Edema associated with retention of water, sodium and chloride is::
de- fined as an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid(fluid
surrounding the cells)
16.4 main causes of edema: increase in capillary hydrostatic
pressure a loss of plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic
circulation increase in
capillary permeability
2/
Practice Dewit
1. Acidosis: Excess acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the blood
and body tissues
2. Acidosis levels: pH below 7.35
3. Active Transport: Energy-requiring process that moves material
across a cell membrane against a concentration difference, active
transport may move sub- stances from an area of lower concentration
to an area of higher concentration.
4. Aldosterone: "salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention
of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which
promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
5. Alkalosis: excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the
blood and body fluids
6. Alkalosis: pH > 7.45
7. Anions: negatively charged ions
8. Cations: positively charged ions
9. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): released by the posterior pituitary,
controls how much fluid leaves the body in the urine and causes
reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules
10.Ascites: abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
11.Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): released to stimulate renal
vasodilation when there's too much volume and suppress
Aldosterone. Increases urinary output. Congestive heart failure
patients have high levels of ANP.
12.Carpopedal spasm (Trousseau Sign): A spasm of the hand, thumbs,
foot, or toes that accompanies tetany.
13.Dehydration: water moves from the cells into interstitial and
intravascular spaces, this movement of water out of the cells
causes:
14.Diffusion: process by which substances move across the
1/
, membranes until they are evenly distributed in the available space
15.Edema associated with retention of water, sodium and chloride is::
de- fined as an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid(fluid
surrounding the cells)
16.4 main causes of edema: increase in capillary hydrostatic
pressure a loss of plasma proteins
obstruction of lymphatic
circulation increase in
capillary permeability
2/
