Med-Surg Exam 2 jersey college
1. angina could be triggered by ?: eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood
availability to the myocardium
2. locations of chest pain?: typically felt behind the sternum and may
radiate to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the
left arm.
3. what is the classic finding of angina?: it is relieved with rest or
nitroglycerine
4. Pt. education for nitroglycerin?: 1. keep in a dark
bottle 2.renew every 6 months
3. place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
5. decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be?: weak, thready pulse
6. signs of hypokalemia?: muscle
weakness fatigue
muscle
cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
7. metabolic syndrome increases the risk of?: heart disease
8. spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could?: potentiate
fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given with potassium
supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
9. how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol: decreases heart rate and
blood pressure. mask the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma
because of bron- choconstriction
10.why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives
medications abruptly?: increase risk for rebound hypertension
11.ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase
the risk of?: hyperkalemia
12.ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril: stop angiotensin 1
,from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby
lowering total pe- ripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
13.How to take a proper blood pressure reading?: instruct pt. to not eat
or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
,14.the target organs affected by long standing hypertension?:
retinopathy neuropathy
nephropathy
15.decrease in output could cause what?: decrease in tissue perfusion
which results in organ failure
16.Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the
balloon. Why?: to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary
artery
17.Straining with bowel movements is not good because?: it triggers the
valsalva maneuver which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing
the venous blood flow to the heart and results in decrease cardiac
output.
18.change patients position slowly to prebent?: orthostatic hypotension
19.Low central venous pressure levels could suggests?: could suggest
dehy- dration or overdiuresis
20.increase central venous pressure could suggest?: heart failure
21.increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what?:
- measurement of the volume of blood that returned to the right side
of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
22.Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where?: in ICU and allows for
direct cardiac monitoring
23.homocysteine: damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and
peripheral artery disease
24.the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about
the heart?: direction of blood flow
heart shape and
size ventricular
function ejection
fraction
25.the purpose of a cardiac stress test?: to determine the hearts
ability to respond to increase oxygen demand
26.this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume?:
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
27.these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in order
, to rid the body of excess fluid?: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
1. angina could be triggered by ?: eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood
availability to the myocardium
2. locations of chest pain?: typically felt behind the sternum and may
radiate to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the inner aspect of the
left arm.
3. what is the classic finding of angina?: it is relieved with rest or
nitroglycerine
4. Pt. education for nitroglycerin?: 1. keep in a dark
bottle 2.renew every 6 months
3. place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
5. decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be?: weak, thready pulse
6. signs of hypokalemia?: muscle
weakness fatigue
muscle
cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
7. metabolic syndrome increases the risk of?: heart disease
8. spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could?: potentiate
fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given with potassium
supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
9. how do bet-blockers work? end in -olol: decreases heart rate and
blood pressure. mask the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma
because of bron- choconstriction
10.why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives
medications abruptly?: increase risk for rebound hypertension
11.ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase
the risk of?: hyperkalemia
12.ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in -pril: stop angiotensin 1
,from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby
lowering total pe- ripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
13.How to take a proper blood pressure reading?: instruct pt. to not eat
or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
,14.the target organs affected by long standing hypertension?:
retinopathy neuropathy
nephropathy
15.decrease in output could cause what?: decrease in tissue perfusion
which results in organ failure
16.Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the
balloon. Why?: to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary
artery
17.Straining with bowel movements is not good because?: it triggers the
valsalva maneuver which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing
the venous blood flow to the heart and results in decrease cardiac
output.
18.change patients position slowly to prebent?: orthostatic hypotension
19.Low central venous pressure levels could suggests?: could suggest
dehy- dration or overdiuresis
20.increase central venous pressure could suggest?: heart failure
21.increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what?:
- measurement of the volume of blood that returned to the right side
of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
22.Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where?: in ICU and allows for
direct cardiac monitoring
23.homocysteine: damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and
peripheral artery disease
24.the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about
the heart?: direction of blood flow
heart shape and
size ventricular
function ejection
fraction
25.the purpose of a cardiac stress test?: to determine the hearts
ability to respond to increase oxygen demand
26.this protein triggers sodium excretion and a decrease in volume?:
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
27.these protein levels increase as ventricular pressure increase in order
, to rid the body of excess fluid?: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
