Ipres deel III
Lecture 13
Descriptive vs inferential statistics
- Descriptive statistics: describe and summarize collected data with tables, graphs,
and numerical summaries
- Inferential statistics: estimating relationships between variables
Level of measurement
Nominal categorical ordinal
Interval continuous ratio
Level of measurement
- Depends on specific theory of our concept
- Defines how we can analyze data
- Most important: distinction between categorical vs continuous variables
- We can turn continuous variables into categorical ones, …
- … but we will lose information when doing so
- We cannot turn categorical variables into continuous variables (without new
measurement)
Data organization
- Data is stored in a data matrix
- Each column contains a variable
- The smallest entity on which we collect data is called observation
- Each row refers to one observation
- Cells give the values/scores for an observation on a given variable
Level of measurement, stats & graphs
, Interval data: Likert scale (summary of several Likert items)
- I try to look at everybody's side of a disagreement before I make a decision
- When I see someone being taken advantage of, I feel kind of protective towards
them.
- I sometimes try to understand my friends better by imagining what things look like
from their perspective.
- ANSWERS 1-5 (very much disagree – disagree – neither agree nor disagree – agree –
very much agree).
- Take the mean of answers to these three questions and you have an interval level
scale.
The case of ineffective vaccines
Lecture 13
Descriptive vs inferential statistics
- Descriptive statistics: describe and summarize collected data with tables, graphs,
and numerical summaries
- Inferential statistics: estimating relationships between variables
Level of measurement
Nominal categorical ordinal
Interval continuous ratio
Level of measurement
- Depends on specific theory of our concept
- Defines how we can analyze data
- Most important: distinction between categorical vs continuous variables
- We can turn continuous variables into categorical ones, …
- … but we will lose information when doing so
- We cannot turn categorical variables into continuous variables (without new
measurement)
Data organization
- Data is stored in a data matrix
- Each column contains a variable
- The smallest entity on which we collect data is called observation
- Each row refers to one observation
- Cells give the values/scores for an observation on a given variable
Level of measurement, stats & graphs
, Interval data: Likert scale (summary of several Likert items)
- I try to look at everybody's side of a disagreement before I make a decision
- When I see someone being taken advantage of, I feel kind of protective towards
them.
- I sometimes try to understand my friends better by imagining what things look like
from their perspective.
- ANSWERS 1-5 (very much disagree – disagree – neither agree nor disagree – agree –
very much agree).
- Take the mean of answers to these three questions and you have an interval level
scale.
The case of ineffective vaccines
