Early Childhood Education Theorists, DCF 40 Hours Child Care (HSAN) Health, Safety, and Nutrition (), DCF Certification Test - Rules and Regulations for Facilities (Updated recently)

Albert Bandura (Social Learning Theory) - ANSWER •Vicarious vs. Enactive (learning by watching vs. learning by doing) •Four Elements of Observational Learning: 1. Attention 2. Retention 3. Production 4. Motivation & Reinforcement •Four Sources of Self-Efficacy Appraisals: 1. Actual Performance 2. Vicarious Performance 3. Verbal Persuasion 4. Physiological Cues Appetite - ANSWER A desire to eat. Benjamin Bloom (Cognitive Theory) - ANSWER •Blooms Taxonomy •"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" •Psychomotor- coordination & kinetics •Cognitive- memory & reasoning •LOTS & HOTS •Affective- emotional response & attitude For children from birth through 1, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 4 Urie Bronfenbrenner (Ecological Systems Theory) - ANSWER •Views child as developing within a system of relationships. Each system influences & is influenced by each other: •Microsystem •Exosystem •Macrosystem •Chronosystem Isolation Area - ANSWER A designated area for a child who becomes ill at the facility, which must be away from the other, healthy children. Jerome Bruner (Learning Theory/Constructivist Theory) - ANSWER •Discovery Model of Teaching •Learners "construct" new ideas fro concepts & ideas they experience within a context. The information is then transformed & incorporated into a schema for application & future decision making. •Major Aspects: --predisposition toward learning --structure of knowledge for learner access --sequencing of knowledge presentation --nature of rewards & punishments •Qualitative vs. Quantitative Learning For children 1 through 2, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 6 John Comenius - ANSWER •Wrote "Orbis Pictus" (first picture book for kids) •Thought early experiences formed what a child would be like. •Suggested education should occur through the senses Safety Hazards - ANSWER Things in the environment that can be identified as dangerous to one's health and welfare. John Dewey (Philosophy of Pragmatism/Instrumentalism, Functional Psychology, Democratic Education) - ANSWER •Education must engage with & enlarge personal individual experience. There must be a balance between delivering knowledge & accounting for individual interests & backgrounds. •Learning is based on interaction & environmental contexts; ideas are tools for experimentation. •Education is a cornerstone for democracy; instrument for social change & reform •All individuals are entitled to a quality education in order to "share a common life" •Universal education involves "abandoning habits", thinking creatively, realizing one's skills, & using those skills for the greater good. For children 2 through 3, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 11 Erik Erikson (Psychosocial Theory of Development) - ANSWER •8 Stages of Life: --Trust vs. Mistrust --Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt --Initiative vs. Guilt --Industry vs. Inferiority --Identity vs. Role Confusion --Intimacy vs. Isolation --Generativity vs. Stagnation --Ego Integrity vs. Despair Communicable Disease - ANSWER Disease that can be spread from one person to another. For children 3 through 4, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 15 Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalysis; Psychosexual Stages of Development) - ANSWER •Believed that personality was strongly influenced by the ways in which children learn to expend what he called sexual energy from 1 stage to the next •Oral Stage (0-1 Years) •Anal Stage (1-3 years) •Phallic Stage (3-5 years) •Latency Stage (5-11 years) •Genital Stage (11+ years) Friedrich Froebel (Modern Day Kindergarten) - ANSWER •Referred to as the "Father of Kindergarten" •First educator to develop a planned, systematic program for educating young children •Emphasized the role of mothers in the young child's development •Emphasized the benefits of childhood play Disinfect - ANSWER To kill germs on surfaces or objects by using chemicals. This process does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove all germs, but by killing germs on a surface after cleaning, it can further lower the risk of spreading infection. Howard Gardner (Cognitive Theory) - ANSWER •Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Intelligence is multifaceted & people have different combinations of strengths drawn from different intelligences) --Linguistic (verbal) --Logical (mathematical) --Spatial --Kinesthetic --Musical --Interpersonal (between people) --Intrapersonal (within self) --Naturalist --Existential •Theory of Entry Points (ways to enter into learning) --Narrational --Logical/Quantitative --Foundational --Esthetic --Experimental For children 4 through 5, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 20 John Locke (Tabula Rasa) - ANSWER •Said children are born as blank tablets (Tabula Rasa). •Believed children's experiences determine who they are Impermeable Surface - ANSWER A surface that is resistant to water, chemicals, and other fluids. These surfaces are required in areas such as changing stations, playpens, cots, and sleeping mats. Martin Luther (Universal Education) - ANSWER •Translated the Bible from Latin to vernacular language, allowing people to be educated in their own language. •He advocated establishing schools to teach children how to read. For children 5+, there must be one staff for every _ children - ANSWER 25 Abraham Maslow (Motivational Theory) - ANSWER •Hierarchy of Needs (Deficiency Needs) --Survival (food, water) --Safety --Belonging --Esteem (Being Needs) --Intellectual Achievement --Aesthetic Appreciation --Self-actualization Vaccine - ANSWER A product that protects an individual from contracting an infectious disease by stimulating their immune system. Maria Montessori (Cognitive & Educational Development) - ANSWER •All knowledge comes intrinsically from sensory experiences •Children learn on their own & differently from adults •Sensitive Periods for Growth & Development: --Order --Details --Use of Hands --Walking --Language In groups of mixed age ranges where children under 1 year of age are included, one staff member shall be responsible for no more than _ children of any age group. - ANSWER 4 Ivan Pavlov (Learning Theory) - ANSWER •Classical conditioning •Unconditioned Stimulus: automatic response (mint makes Dwight salivate) •Unconditional Reflex/Response: natural response (Dwight's mouth salivates) •Conditioned Stimulus: conditioned response (Jim training Dwight with mints & computer sound) •Conditioned Reflex/Response: response to neutral stimulus (Dwight holding his hand out for a mint when the computer dings) •Neutral Stimulus: non-responsive stimulus (computer ding) Health - ANSWER The total well-being of a person—including the physical, mental, and social self—in the absence of disease or other abnormal conditions. In groups of mixed age ranges, where 1 year of age are included, one staff member shall be responsible for no more than _children of any age group - ANSWER 6 Johann Pestalozzi - ANSWER •Advocated that education should follow the course of nature. •Believed all education is based on sensory impressions. Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development) - ANSWER •Stages of Development --Sensorimotor --Preoperational Thought --Concrete Operational Thought --Formal Operational Thought •Influences on Cognition --Maturation --Activity --Social Interaction --Equilibration Clean - ANSWER To remove dirt, debris, and germs by scrubbing and washing with soap (or detergent) and water. The process does not necessarily kill germs, but lowers the risk of spreading infection. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Natural Approaches to Education) - ANSWER •Advocated natural approaches to child rearing. •Felt that children's natures unfold as a result of maturation according to an innate timetable. •Wrote "Emile" When children 2 year of age and older are in care, the staff-to-children ratio shall be based on the age group with the _______ number of children within the group - ANSWER largest Edward Thorndike & B.F. Skinner (Learning Theory) - ANSWER •Law of Effect; Knowledge of Operant Conditioning --Respondente are conditioned to act in ways that produce satisfying consequences or avoid negative ones (use of Skinner box; rat learns to pull lever to get food out) •Antecedent-- Behavior-- Consequence Evacuation Plan - ANSWER Procedures for getting children and staff out of a building; applied during fire drills and other emergency situations. Lev Vygotsky (Sociocultural Development) - ANSWER •Zone of Proximal Development •Learning is through cultural tools (language, signs, systems) & behavior is mediated through engaging in imitation, instruction, & collaboration with others Child care laws, rules, and regulations are in place to protect - ANSWER children, families, and child care professionals. Immunizations - ANSWER The process of administering a vaccine to make an individual protected from contracting an infectious disease. Laws, rules, and regulations relating to child care exist in Florida to protect children from - ANSWER abuse, neglect, injury, and exploitation. Nutrition - ANSWER The processes by which a person, animal, or plant takes in and utilizes food substances. Determine states rules pertaining to childcare and enforces these rules by licensing and inspecting childcare facilities - ANSWER The Florida Department of children and families Sanitize - ANSWER The process of destroying or reducing organisms to a safe level; including properly cleaned equipment and surfaces, such as sinks and sleep mats. Inspects childcare facilities and educates child care professionals about minimizing fires & other threats to safety - ANSWER Local fire departments; private investigators Child care programs have a responsibility to maintain an environment that will promote children's health. What is health? - ANSWER Health is the total well-being of the child—including the physical, emotional, social, and mental self—in the absence of disease or abnormal conditions. This agency determines ordinances pertaining to public health and inspects childcare facilities to enforce these ordinances - ANSWER Local county health department Establishes regulates and enforces rules and local ordinances which must meet or exceed state standards - ANSWER Local licensing agencies Characteristics of a healthy environment that promote good health practices include: - ANSWER -Clean work and play areas -Proper hygiene practices -Implementation and routine practice of a written health policy Written policies regarding health practices are essential to maintaining a healthy environment in your child care program. - ANSWER -All policies should be accessible to all staff -At hire, employees should be given a copy of the policies -Rules should be posted and given to families _______ Role is to put into place rules and regulations which uphold the Florida statues and the legislative intent of those statues. They also enforce laws rules and regulations - ANSWER DCF Why is it important to have policies written? - ANSWER -To ensure parents and child care professionals are aware of procedures -To make sure everyone follows the same rules DCF's mission is to - ANSWER Ensure the health safety and well-being of the children of the state while in care through licensing and regulatory activities. The purpose of this program is to ensure that children are well cared for in a safe healthy positive and educational environment by trained qualified child care staff. Establishing and following a written policy is an effective way of maintaining a safe and healthy child care program. - ANSWER Following your program's written health policies will help to ensure that the children in your care have an environment that is as free of disease as possible. The _______ _____ ________ are made up by the individual laws which pass the legislature. Each year new statues appeared for the first time some are rewritten or amended and some stay the same. - ANSWER Florida State Statues Observation - ANSWER plays an essential role in determining a healthy environment and assists the caregiver in assessing the state of a child's health. ________ are written by and proposed by the Florida Senate and House of Representatves. - ANSWER Statutes A healthy child - ANSWER has a good appetite, appearance, and activity level. The Florida State Statues are written by ______ and ___ while the Florida Administrative Code is written by ___. FAC is based on statutes. - ANSWER The Florida State Statues are written by SENATE and HOR while the Florida Administrative Code is written by DCF. FAC is based on statutes. How are each of the senses used to observe a child? - ANSWER We can use our senses—sight, touch, sound, and smell—when checking for signs of wellness and/or illness. The _______________ passed in 1990, prohibiting discrimination of people who are handicapped or disabled. - ANSWER The Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990, prohibiting discrimination of people who are handicapped or disabled. The Florida statues contain __ ______, or topic areas. - ANSWER 48 titles Sight - ANSWER - look at the child's complexion; observe for signs of pain or discomfort, such as limping, droopy eyes, or a runny nose Sound - ANSWER - listen to how the child is breathing, or if they are coughing or sniffling; listen to their words about how they are feeling These 48 titles are divided into ____ ________. - ANSWER 1013 chapters Touch - ANSWER - does the child feel warm to the touch; does the child flinch when you touch them All chapters are divided into - ANSWER Sections and each section may have severely subsections. Sub sections may have sub sub sections. Smell - ANSWER - pay attention to how the child smells; for example, their breath 402.26 The primary role of the child care professional is to - ANSWER Keep children safe. Provide good nutrition and a healthy environment. Create an environment for learning. Why is it important to use more than one sense at a time to observe warning signs? - ANSWER You cannot make a complete observation based on one small detail. For example, a red eyelid may not mean the presence of pink eye. What kind of records are checked during a screening? - ANSWER Employment history Local criminal records checks through local law enforcement agencies Fingerprints Statewide criminal records checks through the Florida Department of Law Enforcement Federal criminal records checks through the federal bureau of investigation Appetite - ANSWER -Can eat an appropriate amount of food at meal times -Will consume a variety of foods -Is interested in eating -Appears content after meals and snacks Who is the secretary of Children and Family services? - ANSWER David Wilkins Appearance - ANSWER -Has clear, bright eyes -Has clear skin -Has age-appropriate muscles -Gains steadily in height and body weight Where are the secretary's offices located? - ANSWER The DCF's main office are located in Tallahassee Activity - ANSWER -Has plenty of energy (not hyperactive) -Is alert -Sleeps soundly -Has few aches and pains If a local licensing agency denied the application, the applicant has __ days to file a written request for a hearing. - ANSWER 15 An emotionally healthy child - ANSWER usually reflects happy, cheerful feelings. The local licensing agency agency must hold that hearing within __ days of the applicant's request. - ANSWER 30 A socially healthy child - ANSWER is friendly most of the time, interacts with other children, and enjoys quiet activities that require concentration. If the denials stands, the applicant may _______ to DCF. - ANSWER appeal A mentally healthy child - ANSWER is interested in new experiences, and is usually confident and adaptable. Promulgation - ANSWER to publicly announce The three A's of a healthy child are: - ANSWER Appetite, Appearance, and Activity. DCF renews approval every - ANSWER year The term "special needs" - ANSWER refers to children who have medical, physical, emotional, or behavioral conditions that delay or affect development. Local licensing agencies must provide DCF with data about child care in its county each - ANSWER year Short term illness - ANSWER requires special attention for a brief period of time. If there is a change in ownership, a new ________ is required. - ANSWER license Short-term illness vs. long term illness - ANSWER -Ear infection vs. hearing loss -A common cold vs. asthma -A sprained ankle vs. a foot deformity -Distress over a fight with another child vs. depression caused by a significant life event Applicants must disclose their _____ _________ number to DCF - ANSWER social security Sick Child - ANSWER -Weepy or red eyes -Sores, unusual spots, or rashes -Looks tired -Poor appetite -Appears distressed A provisional (temporary) license maybe be issued to a facility which is out of compliance but can complete corrective action within _ ______ - ANSWER 6 months Healthy Child - ANSWER -Clear, bright eyes -Clear skin -Active -Typical growth and weight gain -Appears happy/content _____ can be levied against a license that is out of complicance - ANSWER Fines When making a health assessment it is important to observe a child's - ANSWER behavior, face, and body characteristics Where can you find out what kinds of things DCF might look for during an inspection? - ANSWER The Florida Administrative Code Daily health checks are a good way of - ANSWER preventing, identifying, and controlling illness in a child care environment. A court order that stops someone from continuing an activity. If the person does not stop doing the activity mentioned, they are in contempt of court and will face further discipline, usually in the form of fines. - ANSWER Injunction The main goals are - ANSWER to know the children in your care and to provide good care. Penalties - ANSWER Misdemeanor Daily health checks will help you - ANSWER know your children's routine behavior, reduce the spread of infection, draw attention to children with obvious signs of illness, and foster good communication with parents. A law that prohibits discrimination against people who have a physical or mental impairment. - ANSWER ADA The (Behavior) signs to observe in a daily health check - ANSWER -General mood (unusually quiet, irritable, drowsy, or restless) -Unusual behavior -Activity level -Breathing difficulties (labored) -Severe coughing or sneezing -Hoarseness What year was the ADA written - ANSWER The Americans with Disabilities Act was written in 1990. An individual is a person who - ANSWER Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities Has a record of such an impairment or Is regarded as having such an impairment The (Physical) signs to observe in a daily health check - ANSWER -Skin color (flushed or pale, dry or clammy, hot) -Unusual spots, rashes -Swelling or bruises -Sores -Discharge from nose, ears, eyes -Eyes red, irritated, sensitive to light Other signs observed in children as part of a daily health check - ANSWER -Fever (over 101oF, taken orally) -Vomiting (all, or even part, of food consumed recently) -Bowel movement changes (changes in color, odor, frequency) -Pain (screaming, crying, head-rolling) -Skin Marks (rashes, bruises) What is the ADA? - ANSWER A law that prohibits discrimination against people who have a physical or mental impairment. A daily health checklist - ANSWER is beneficial to caregivers because it helps track patterns that alert caregivers to warning signs. What sort of accommodations may be required of my program? - ANSWER lower sinks add diaper area toys braille It is important to remember - ANSWER -Daily health checks are essential for ensuring the health of children in care -Children's health records are confidential