PEDS Nursing Care of Children- exam #1
a large body surface area for weight leaves the baby susceptible to?
hypothermia
anterior fontanel and open sutures are palpable up until...
about 18 months
posterior fontanel closes between?
2 and 3 months
the tongue is large in relation to...
a small nasal a oral airway passage
a short narrow trachea in children under 5 years old makes them susceptible to?
foreign body obstruction
what makes the heart rate more rapid in late school aged children to adolescence
cardiac output is rate dependent not stroke volume dependent
abdomen offering poor protection for the liver and spleen causes a child to be
susceptible to?
trauma
until 12 to 18 months of age the kidneys...
do not concentrate urine effectively and do not exert optimal control over electrolyte
secretion and absorption
Until later school age, proportion of body weight in water is...
larger with more water in extracellular spaces, daily water exchange rate is much higher
what do muscles lack during infancy?
tone, power and coordination
muscles account for how much weight in infants vs adults
25% of weight in infants vs. 40% in adults
until puberty the bones are
softer and more easily bent and fractured
primary breathing muscle
the diaphragm
what is not effectively expired when a child is under distress?
causing them to become susceptible to?
CO2
causing them to be susceptible to metabolic acidosis
child have a faster?
respiratory rate
children have fewer/smaller and less?
fewer and smaller alveoli and less lung volume
tidal volume is proportional to?
weight
(7-10 mL/kg)
until puberty the percentage of cartilage in ribs is?
higher, making them more flexible and compliant
children/infants require a higher (3)
metabolic rate, oxygen need, higher caloric need
the head is proportionately larger making the child susceptible to
head injury
, true or false: all brain cells are present at birth?
true
myelinization and further development of nerve fibers in the brain occur when?
during the first year
RR and HR- newborn
RR- 30-55
HR-100-170
RR and HR- 1 years
RR- 25-40
HR- 90-140
RR and HR- 3 years
RR- 20-30
HR- 80-120
RR and HR- 6 years
RR- 16-22
HR-70-120
RR and HR- 10 years
RR- 16-20
HR- 60-110
RR and HR- 17 years
RR- 12-20
HR- 60-100
order to take vital signs in a child
1. RR
2. HR
3. BP
4. Temperature
RR and HR need to be counted for how long?
60 seconds
what is the last vital sign to change in a clinically decompensating child?
BP
when allowing parents to administer medications to their children in the hospital
it is important that the parent...
demonstrate the proper way to administer the medication
toddlers experience what while being in the hospital?
-separation anxiety
-regression
-injury and pain
what can help a preschooler to learn about procedures and other things
occurring while at the hospital? an intervention when about to do an assessment
on this age group
giving them hands on activities to help teach
three phases of separation anxiety
1. protest (crying when the parent leaves)
2. despair (sad, withdrawn, cry when parent returns)
a large body surface area for weight leaves the baby susceptible to?
hypothermia
anterior fontanel and open sutures are palpable up until...
about 18 months
posterior fontanel closes between?
2 and 3 months
the tongue is large in relation to...
a small nasal a oral airway passage
a short narrow trachea in children under 5 years old makes them susceptible to?
foreign body obstruction
what makes the heart rate more rapid in late school aged children to adolescence
cardiac output is rate dependent not stroke volume dependent
abdomen offering poor protection for the liver and spleen causes a child to be
susceptible to?
trauma
until 12 to 18 months of age the kidneys...
do not concentrate urine effectively and do not exert optimal control over electrolyte
secretion and absorption
Until later school age, proportion of body weight in water is...
larger with more water in extracellular spaces, daily water exchange rate is much higher
what do muscles lack during infancy?
tone, power and coordination
muscles account for how much weight in infants vs adults
25% of weight in infants vs. 40% in adults
until puberty the bones are
softer and more easily bent and fractured
primary breathing muscle
the diaphragm
what is not effectively expired when a child is under distress?
causing them to become susceptible to?
CO2
causing them to be susceptible to metabolic acidosis
child have a faster?
respiratory rate
children have fewer/smaller and less?
fewer and smaller alveoli and less lung volume
tidal volume is proportional to?
weight
(7-10 mL/kg)
until puberty the percentage of cartilage in ribs is?
higher, making them more flexible and compliant
children/infants require a higher (3)
metabolic rate, oxygen need, higher caloric need
the head is proportionately larger making the child susceptible to
head injury
, true or false: all brain cells are present at birth?
true
myelinization and further development of nerve fibers in the brain occur when?
during the first year
RR and HR- newborn
RR- 30-55
HR-100-170
RR and HR- 1 years
RR- 25-40
HR- 90-140
RR and HR- 3 years
RR- 20-30
HR- 80-120
RR and HR- 6 years
RR- 16-22
HR-70-120
RR and HR- 10 years
RR- 16-20
HR- 60-110
RR and HR- 17 years
RR- 12-20
HR- 60-100
order to take vital signs in a child
1. RR
2. HR
3. BP
4. Temperature
RR and HR need to be counted for how long?
60 seconds
what is the last vital sign to change in a clinically decompensating child?
BP
when allowing parents to administer medications to their children in the hospital
it is important that the parent...
demonstrate the proper way to administer the medication
toddlers experience what while being in the hospital?
-separation anxiety
-regression
-injury and pain
what can help a preschooler to learn about procedures and other things
occurring while at the hospital? an intervention when about to do an assessment
on this age group
giving them hands on activities to help teach
three phases of separation anxiety
1. protest (crying when the parent leaves)
2. despair (sad, withdrawn, cry when parent returns)
