Module 1 – Importance of Programming
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
WHAT IS COMPUTER SYSTEM:
• All components needed by a machine/computer to process and store data.
COMPONENTS PROCESS
- Hardware 1. Input
- Software 2. Process
- Personware 3. Output
4. Stores
HISTORY OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
• Comparing computers today from pervious generations, it is superior not only in appearance
but also in performance.
FIRST GENERATION SECOND GENERATION
First generation computers are made of: In second generation computers:
- Vacuum tube technology. - Transistorized technology.
- Punched cards (Data Input and - Sized of computers were reduced.
Output). - Assembly language are used.
- Paper tape (Data Output). - Stored Program (CPU) emerged.
- Magnetic tape/drum (Storage). - High level languages are
invented.
THIRD GENERATION FOURTH GENERATION
Third generation computers were Fourth generation computers are made of:
characterized by: - Very Large-Scale Integration (1000
- Integrated circuits (10 – 20 components)
components) - Invention of microcomputers
- Phenomenal increase in - Introduction of Personal
computation speed Computers
- Substantial reduction in size and - Networking
power consumption - Fourth Generation language
- Design of Operating Systems and
new higher-level languages
- Commercialized production of
computers
FIFTH GENERATION (CURRENT)
Fifth generation computers are characterized by Artificial Intelligence. Specifically,
computers are made to think and reason the same way as humans. Furthermore, two major
advances in this era are: parallel technology and superconductor technology.
• First-generation computers used the machine language (binary) while the second-generation
computers used assembly language.
Figure 1. Assembler which converts source code to object code for the computer to read
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COMPUTER SYSTEMS
WHAT IS COMPUTER SYSTEM:
• All components needed by a machine/computer to process and store data.
COMPONENTS PROCESS
- Hardware 1. Input
- Software 2. Process
- Personware 3. Output
4. Stores
HISTORY OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
• Comparing computers today from pervious generations, it is superior not only in appearance
but also in performance.
FIRST GENERATION SECOND GENERATION
First generation computers are made of: In second generation computers:
- Vacuum tube technology. - Transistorized technology.
- Punched cards (Data Input and - Sized of computers were reduced.
Output). - Assembly language are used.
- Paper tape (Data Output). - Stored Program (CPU) emerged.
- Magnetic tape/drum (Storage). - High level languages are
invented.
THIRD GENERATION FOURTH GENERATION
Third generation computers were Fourth generation computers are made of:
characterized by: - Very Large-Scale Integration (1000
- Integrated circuits (10 – 20 components)
components) - Invention of microcomputers
- Phenomenal increase in - Introduction of Personal
computation speed Computers
- Substantial reduction in size and - Networking
power consumption - Fourth Generation language
- Design of Operating Systems and
new higher-level languages
- Commercialized production of
computers
FIFTH GENERATION (CURRENT)
Fifth generation computers are characterized by Artificial Intelligence. Specifically,
computers are made to think and reason the same way as humans. Furthermore, two major
advances in this era are: parallel technology and superconductor technology.
• First-generation computers used the machine language (binary) while the second-generation
computers used assembly language.
Figure 1. Assembler which converts source code to object code for the computer to read
1|Page
