1. INTRODUCTION
With the unexpected outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), new learning
and teaching modes in tourism education have emerged, which have become increasingly
important. As emphasis was put on strict prevention and control to ensure safety, school
closures were thought to be effective and useful measures to minimize social contact
among students and thus reducing virus transmission. However, the classes were not
suspended although the school closures were implemented. This has lead to the full
utilization of the online learning resources.
2. MAIN TEACHING APPROACHES ADOPTED BY NANKAI UNIVERSITY
Nankai University's College of Tourism and Service Management in China has extensive
experience in distance education, MOOC development, and classroom instruction.
Nankai University primarily used three teaching methods during the epidemic: the first is
the basic model SPOC teaching; the second is the advanced model, for live online
broadcasting and the third is the expansion model, which refers to the use of MOOCs
resources (Massive Open Online Course) to conduct teaching online and interaction in
the discussion section. According to the survey results, 2070 of the 3083 courses
provided in the second semester at Nankai University used the SPOC online teaching
technique, 905 courses used live broadcasting teaching, and 108 courses used MOOC
resources to teach.
3. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF EACH APPROACH
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are a cutting-edge educational paradigm that
allows anyone to register for free online. Icourse, Xuetangx, Wisdom Tree, Udacity,
Coursera, edX, FutureLearn, Iversity, and others are well-known MOOC platforms.
According to statistics, 12500 MOOCs were available online till April 2019, more than
200 million students and social learners participated in MOOCs, and 65 million students
obtained MOOC credits. According to FutureLearn data, the online study drew 402
participants from 89 countries, including China, the United Kingdom, the United States,
Russia, Germany, and Italy. The benefits of MOOCs are that they are large, open, online,
and accessible to everyone at any time and from any location. It can also be viewed
repeatedly. The downside is that it lacks real-time functionality.
A SPOC (Small Private Online Course) is a private online course for a small group of
people. Professor Armand Fox of the University of California, Berkeley, was the first to
develop and implement this concept. The terms "small" and "private" are used in
comparison to the terms "massive" and "open" in MOOCs, implying that the class size is
often between dozens and hundreds. Therefore, having weak influence as a drawback.
Pupils who meet the required conditions can be enrolled in the SPOC curriculum. Private
refers to the restricted access conditions for students. SPOC frequently uses the method
of blending learning with online learning, which is advantageous. Teachers pre-assign
online teaching resources to students for preview, then answer students' questions in the
physical classroom to determine the extent of their learning and comprehension; deal
With the unexpected outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), new learning
and teaching modes in tourism education have emerged, which have become increasingly
important. As emphasis was put on strict prevention and control to ensure safety, school
closures were thought to be effective and useful measures to minimize social contact
among students and thus reducing virus transmission. However, the classes were not
suspended although the school closures were implemented. This has lead to the full
utilization of the online learning resources.
2. MAIN TEACHING APPROACHES ADOPTED BY NANKAI UNIVERSITY
Nankai University's College of Tourism and Service Management in China has extensive
experience in distance education, MOOC development, and classroom instruction.
Nankai University primarily used three teaching methods during the epidemic: the first is
the basic model SPOC teaching; the second is the advanced model, for live online
broadcasting and the third is the expansion model, which refers to the use of MOOCs
resources (Massive Open Online Course) to conduct teaching online and interaction in
the discussion section. According to the survey results, 2070 of the 3083 courses
provided in the second semester at Nankai University used the SPOC online teaching
technique, 905 courses used live broadcasting teaching, and 108 courses used MOOC
resources to teach.
3. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF EACH APPROACH
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are a cutting-edge educational paradigm that
allows anyone to register for free online. Icourse, Xuetangx, Wisdom Tree, Udacity,
Coursera, edX, FutureLearn, Iversity, and others are well-known MOOC platforms.
According to statistics, 12500 MOOCs were available online till April 2019, more than
200 million students and social learners participated in MOOCs, and 65 million students
obtained MOOC credits. According to FutureLearn data, the online study drew 402
participants from 89 countries, including China, the United Kingdom, the United States,
Russia, Germany, and Italy. The benefits of MOOCs are that they are large, open, online,
and accessible to everyone at any time and from any location. It can also be viewed
repeatedly. The downside is that it lacks real-time functionality.
A SPOC (Small Private Online Course) is a private online course for a small group of
people. Professor Armand Fox of the University of California, Berkeley, was the first to
develop and implement this concept. The terms "small" and "private" are used in
comparison to the terms "massive" and "open" in MOOCs, implying that the class size is
often between dozens and hundreds. Therefore, having weak influence as a drawback.
Pupils who meet the required conditions can be enrolled in the SPOC curriculum. Private
refers to the restricted access conditions for students. SPOC frequently uses the method
of blending learning with online learning, which is advantageous. Teachers pre-assign
online teaching resources to students for preview, then answer students' questions in the
physical classroom to determine the extent of their learning and comprehension; deal
