Sociologist Topic Summary
Culture
Mead 1935 Norms and Sex temperament in -American sociologist who studied Samoan tribes
values Primitive societies -She found that there were very different expectations in terms of gender roles,
-for example in one tribe she found both men and women to be aggressive compared to
another where they were both gentle.
Bourdieu 1984 Popular culture Distinction between -Distinction between high culture and popular culture lies in the power of the group that
cultures relies on the access and support them.
power within the group - So high culture is simply the culture of the higher economic class.
McLuhan 1964 Global culture We now live in a global -Argued that since the 1960s the world had become an even smaller place-
village -we now live in a global village.
-This has been driven by industry, travel and globally accessible media.
Socialisation
Skeleton and Peer groups Study into peer groups -Looked at peer groups in primary schools
Francis 2003 in playgrounds -Found that the playground play was very gendered
-with boys dominating the space and
-girls taking part in separate activities such as skipping
Sue Lees Peer groups Pressure on teenage -looked at the pressure for on teenage girls by peers
1983,1987 girls - double standards applied to girls’ and boys’ sexual behaviours
-such as how the term slag is used to control girls’ behaviours
Judith Harris Peer groups Peer influence on -the comparative influence of parents and peer groups
1998 children -concluding that the peer groups can be more influential than the family in shaping
children’s identity's
Tony Sewell Peer groups Cultural comfort zones - describes the way that we are likely to associate with those who are like ourselves to stay
2000 in a comfort zone
-he particularly links this African Caribbean Boys
, Bowles and education Hidden curriculum -they argued that the education system was a giant myth making machine
Gintis 1976 -brainwashed children through the hidden curriculum
-icreated an obedience unquestioning attitude
-they would need this in the world of work to accept their place in society.
Mulvey 1975 Media Male Gaze -argued the concept of the male gaze so describe how cameras and film eyes up female
carriages
- encouraging viewers to access their bodies in their attractiveness from a male’s
perspective
Young 2007 Media Bulimic society -late modern societies are saturated with all people regardless of class or subculture being
exposed to consumerism
- Consumerism displays what life 'should be life' through advertising and incentivises people
to participate in this culture called “bulimic society”
Modood and Religion Importance of religion -Survey found that 67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as very important
Berthoud 1997 compared to 5% of white British youths
Waddington Workplace Canteen culture -the set of norms and values that people who work in particular organisation will be
socialised to accept
- so that this certain language behaviour and attitudes become the norm
- this has been used to describe the way that culture of racism has been accepted within the
police
Hybridity and identity
Nayak 2003 Hybrid identity White wannabees -a term used to describe white British males who dress act and speak in a way that's
influenced by black hip hop culture
Ethnicity and identity
Ghumann 1999 Identity Roles in Asian - tradition religion and values played an important part in the upbringing of second
households generational Asians in the UK
-children tend to be socialised into extended family with the emphasis of duty loyalty and
unreligious commitment
Culture
Mead 1935 Norms and Sex temperament in -American sociologist who studied Samoan tribes
values Primitive societies -She found that there were very different expectations in terms of gender roles,
-for example in one tribe she found both men and women to be aggressive compared to
another where they were both gentle.
Bourdieu 1984 Popular culture Distinction between -Distinction between high culture and popular culture lies in the power of the group that
cultures relies on the access and support them.
power within the group - So high culture is simply the culture of the higher economic class.
McLuhan 1964 Global culture We now live in a global -Argued that since the 1960s the world had become an even smaller place-
village -we now live in a global village.
-This has been driven by industry, travel and globally accessible media.
Socialisation
Skeleton and Peer groups Study into peer groups -Looked at peer groups in primary schools
Francis 2003 in playgrounds -Found that the playground play was very gendered
-with boys dominating the space and
-girls taking part in separate activities such as skipping
Sue Lees Peer groups Pressure on teenage -looked at the pressure for on teenage girls by peers
1983,1987 girls - double standards applied to girls’ and boys’ sexual behaviours
-such as how the term slag is used to control girls’ behaviours
Judith Harris Peer groups Peer influence on -the comparative influence of parents and peer groups
1998 children -concluding that the peer groups can be more influential than the family in shaping
children’s identity's
Tony Sewell Peer groups Cultural comfort zones - describes the way that we are likely to associate with those who are like ourselves to stay
2000 in a comfort zone
-he particularly links this African Caribbean Boys
, Bowles and education Hidden curriculum -they argued that the education system was a giant myth making machine
Gintis 1976 -brainwashed children through the hidden curriculum
-icreated an obedience unquestioning attitude
-they would need this in the world of work to accept their place in society.
Mulvey 1975 Media Male Gaze -argued the concept of the male gaze so describe how cameras and film eyes up female
carriages
- encouraging viewers to access their bodies in their attractiveness from a male’s
perspective
Young 2007 Media Bulimic society -late modern societies are saturated with all people regardless of class or subculture being
exposed to consumerism
- Consumerism displays what life 'should be life' through advertising and incentivises people
to participate in this culture called “bulimic society”
Modood and Religion Importance of religion -Survey found that 67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as very important
Berthoud 1997 compared to 5% of white British youths
Waddington Workplace Canteen culture -the set of norms and values that people who work in particular organisation will be
socialised to accept
- so that this certain language behaviour and attitudes become the norm
- this has been used to describe the way that culture of racism has been accepted within the
police
Hybridity and identity
Nayak 2003 Hybrid identity White wannabees -a term used to describe white British males who dress act and speak in a way that's
influenced by black hip hop culture
Ethnicity and identity
Ghumann 1999 Identity Roles in Asian - tradition religion and values played an important part in the upbringing of second
households generational Asians in the UK
-children tend to be socialised into extended family with the emphasis of duty loyalty and
unreligious commitment
