Results:
1.
*
Figure 1: The difference between the amplitude (difference between maximum and minimum (P-P)
heart rate (HR) within a respiratory cycle) of respiratory sinus arrythmia during 3 minutes (average
over time for each participant for either condition) of spontaneous and paced (6 breaths/min)
breathing. *P < 0.05, compared to spontaneous, paired t-test, n=17
2.
, A B
* *
Rf D
C
25
Respiratory Frequency
*
20
(breaths/min)
15
10
5
0
Males Females
Figure 2: The difference in metabolic rate (A), tidal volume (B), respiratory frequency (C), and minute
ventilation (D) between males (n=9) and females (n=9) calculated from 10 minutes of breathing in
pneumotachometer. *P < 0.05 (A,B,D), each panel underwent unpaired t-test between males and
females, n= 18
4